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Forex Fundamental Analysis

EUR/JPY Global Macro Analysis – Part 3

EUR/JPY Exogenous Analysis

  • The EU and Japan Current Account to GDP differential

The current accounts have three basic components: net exports, the difference in incomes that countries pay each other, and transfer payments that countries make to each other. A country that has a surplus in international trade has a higher current account to GDP ratio. Since its domestic currency is in higher demand, it tends to appreciate. Conversely, a country with current account deficits will need to buy more foreign currencies to finance its imports – which weakens the domestic currency in the forex market.

In 2020, the Japanese currency account to GDP ratio was expected to drop to 3.5% while that of the EU 3.4%. This means that the 2020 current account to GDP differential between the EU and Japan is -0.1%. In this case, we expect a bullish JPY; hence, we assign a score of -2.

The interest rate differential between the EUR/JPY pair is used to determine whether traders are bullish or bearish. If the interest rate differential is positive, it means that traders can receive higher returns by selling the JPY and buying the EUR since the EUR offers higher returns. Thus, they are bullish on the pair. Conversely, if the interest rate differential is negative, it means that traders can receive higher returns by selling the EUR and buying the JPY, which means they will be bearish on the EUR/JPY pair.

In 2020, the Bank of Japan maintained the interest rates at -0.1% while the ECB maintained at 0%. Therefore, the interest rate differential for the EUR/JPY pair is 0.1%. We assign a score of 2.

  • The EU and Japan GDP Growth Rate differential

The rate at which an economy is growing impacts the strength of the domestic currency in the forex market. Since it is impractical to compare countries’ economic performance using absolute GDP numbers, we will use their growth rate. In this case, if the GDP growth rate differential is positive, it means that the EU economy has been growing at a faster pace than that of Japan hence a bullish outlook for the EUR/JPY pair. Conversely, when negative, it implies a bearish outlook for the pair.

The Japanese economy contracted by 3.5% in the first three quarters of 2020, while the EU economy contracted by 2.9. Thus, the GDP growth rate differential is 0.6%. Thus, we assign a score of 2.

Conclusion

The exogenous factors have a cumulative score of 2. That means we can expect a short-lived bullish trend for the EUR/JPY pair. The weekly EUR/JPY chart shows that the pair has crossed the 200-period MA for the first time since August and attempting a breach of the upper Bollinger band.

We hope you find this article informative. In case of any questions, please let us know in the comments below. Cheers.

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

EUR/JPY Global Macro Analysis – Part 1 & 2

Introduction

The global macro analysis of the EUR/JPY forex pair will involve the analysis of endogenous and exogenous economic factors. The endogenous analysis will cover indicators that drive economic growth in the EU and Japan. Exogenous factors will cover the analysis of factors that impact the exchange rate between the Euro and the Japanese Yen.

Ranking Scale

We will use a scale of -10 to +10 to rank the impact of these factors. When the endogenous factors are negative, it implies that they resulted in the depreciation of the local currency. a positive ranking implies that they led to an increase in the value of the domestic currency. The ranking of the endogenous factors is determined by their correlation with the domestic GDP growth.

When the exogenous factors get a negative score, it means they have a bearish impact on the EUR/JPY pair. A positive score implies they’ve had a bullish impact. The ranking of the exogenous factors is determined by their correlation to the exchange rate of the EUR/JPY pair.

EUR Endogenous Analysis – Summary

The endogenous analysis of the EUR has an overall score of -3. Based on the factors we have analyzed, we can expect that the Euro had marginally depreciated in 2020.

JPY Endogenous Analysis – Summary 

A score of -12 implies a strong deflationary effect on the JPY currency pair, and we can conclude that this currency has depreciated this year.

  • Japan Employed Persons

This indicator measures the changes in the number of workers over a particular period. It only tracks the section of the labor force that has attained the minimum working age. Changes in the labor market are seen as leading indicators of economic development.

In October 2020, the number of employed persons in Japan increased to 66.58 million from 66.55 million in September. The number of employed persons in Japan is still lower than the 67.4 million recorded in January. We assign a score of -5.

  • Japan GDP Deflator

The GDP deflator is used to measure the comprehensive changes in the overall inflation of the Japanese economy. Since it measures the price changes of the entire economic output, it is used as a key predictor of future monetary and fiscal policies. An increase in GDP deflator means that the economy is expanding, which may lead to the appreciation of the JPY.

In Q3 of 2020, the Japan GDP deflator dropped to 100.4 from 103.5 in Q2. Up to Q3, the Japan GDP deflator has marginally increased by 0.2 points. We assign a score of 1.

  • Japan Industrial Production

This indicator covers the changes in the output value of mining, manufacturing, and utility sectors. The Japanese economy is highly industrialized. The industrial sector contributes approximately 33% of the GDP. That means the GDP growth rate in Japan is sensitive to the changes in industrial production.

The MoM industrial production in Japan increased by 3.8% in October 2020 while the YoY dropped by 3.2% – the slowest since February 2020. On average, the MoM industrial production in Japan is -0.15%. We assign a score of -5.

  • Japan Manufacturing PMI

About 400 large manufacturers are surveyed monthly by The Jibun Bank. These manufacturers are classified according to the sector of operations, their workforce size, and contribution to GDP. The overall manufacturing PMI is an aggregate of employment, new orders, inventory, output, and suppliers’ deliveries. The Japanese manufacturing sector is seen to be expanding when the PMI is above 50 and contracting when below 50.

In November 2020, the Japan Manufacturing PMI was 49 compared to 48.7 in October. The November reading is almost at par with the January levels. We assign a score of 1.

  • Japan Retail Sales

The retail sales measure the change in the monthly purchase of goods and services by Japanese households. Since it is a leading indicator of consumer demand and expenditure, it is best suited to gauge possible economic contractions and expansions.

In October 2020, Japan retail sales rose by 0.4% from 0.1% recorded in September. YoY retail sales increased by 6.4%, which marks the first month of increase since February 2020. The growth of retail sales is mainly attributed to an increase in motor vehicle sales, machinery and equipment, and medicine & toiletry. On average, the first ten months of 2020 have had a 0.4% increase in MoM retail sales. Thus, we assign a score of 2.

  • Japan Consumer Confidence

This is a monthly survey of about 4700 Japanese households with more than two people. The survey covers the households’ opinion on the overall economic growth, personal income, employment, and purchase of durable goods. An index of above 50 shows that the households are optimistic, while below 50 shows that they are pessimistic.

In November 2020, Japan’s consumer confidence was 33.7 – the highest recorded since March. It is, however, still lower than the pre-pandemic levels of 39.1. We assign a score of -3.

  • Japan General Government Gross Debt to GDP

Prospective domestic and international lenders use the government debt to GDP ratio to determine the ability of an economy to sustain more debt. Among the developed nations, Japan has the highest government debt to GDP ratio. However, it has minimal risk of default since most of the debt is domestic and denominated in Japanese Yen, which poses a low risk of inflating the domestic currency in the international market.

In 2019, the general government gross debt to GDP in Japan was 238%, up from 236.6% in 2018. In 2020, it was projected to hit a maximum of 250%. We assign a score of -3.

In our upcoming article, we have performed an Exogenous analysis of the EUR/JPY Forex pair and gave our optimal forecast. Make sure to check that out. Cheers.

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203. Bond Spreads Between Two Economies and Their Exchange Rate

Introduction

Bond spreads play a vital role in the movement of currencies. The difference between the bond yield of two countries is called interest rate differential. It is more impactful on the currency direction as opposed to the actual bond spreads. The difference between the interest rate between the bond yield of two countries typically moves together with the corresponding currency pair.

Understanding The Impact

The prices of different currencies can influence the monetary policy decision by the central banks across the globe. However, monetary policy decisions, as well as interest rates, can also contribute to the price movement of the currencies. For example, a stronger currency will help control the inflation rate, whereas the weaker currency will contribute to inflation.

Additionally, the central banks harness this relationship as a means to manage the monetary policies in the respective countries. By comprehending as well as assessing these relationships and the patterns, people get a window into the currency market, thereby getting a means to forecast and capitalize on the currency movements.

An Example of This Relationship

In 2000, post the tech bubble burst, traders who were earlier looking for the highest returns shifted their focus on capital preservation. However, the U.S. was provided with below 2% interest rate, a lot of hedge funds, and those who had access to the international market moved abroad looking for higher yields.

Moreover, Australia has similar risk factors as the U.S. extended interest rate of 5%. Consequentially, this attracted a lot of investment money within the country, creating asset domination. This significant difference in interest rate resulted in the growth of the carry trade. In this, the investors bought currency from low yielding countries and invested in high yielding countries, and benefited from the difference in the interest rate.

Bond Spreads and Movement Of Currency

Bong spreads differential typically move together with currency pairs. This notion emerges as the capital flows move towards high yielding currencies. When there is an increase in one currency rate with respect to another currency, the investors move towards the higher-yielding currency.

Furthermore, the cost of acquiring lower-yielding currencies rises as the bond spread differential moves in favor of selling currency.

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202. The Effects Of Bond Yields On The Forex Asset Classes

Introduction

Bonds are referred to as loans provided to big organizations, including national governments, corporations, and cities. Each bond includes a substantial amount of loan. This is because the massive operational scale of the units requires them to take money from multiple sources. Bonds are a form of fixed-income investments.

Bond Yields

Bond yield is defined as the measure of profit that you will make by investing in a bog. The less you pay for the particular bond, the more will be your profit, and the higher your yield will be. Similarly, the more money you invest in a bond, the lesser will be the profit, and subsequently, the lower will be your yield.

Bonds are traded within the foreign exchange market known as the currency pairs. It is defined as the relative rate between the currency of one country and the currency of another one. When a currency pair is traded, the traders are also acquiring one currency and selling the other.

A majority of the currency exchange transacted in the spot market. In this currency market, each participant is required to deliver their respective currency within two business days. Moreover, currency trade that involves the delivery of a currency over two days is executed on the forward market.

This market includes the costs of owning a currency relative to owing the other. And the costs are displayed in the forward’s points that are added or subtracted to the spot rate in order to produce the forward rate. Furthermore, the forward points are measured by subtracting one bond yield from the other.

How Bond Yield Impacts The Currency Movement?

Experienced foreign exchange traders will be able to identify the relationship between the value of the currency, stock prices, and bond yield. The movement in the currency value reflects the actions of foreign investors between stocks and bonds.

Additionally, the relationship between bond yields makes government bond yield serve as a valuable indicator for assessing the opinion on the effectiveness of the U.S. Federal Reserve in inflation control.

Considering that inflation is an imperative aspect that determines currency values, the data extended by the treasury is very important. Granted, the bond yield centres on inflation, as it is associated with growth.

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201. The Relationship Between The US Dollar & Crude Oil

Introduction

There is a strong and rather undiscovered string that brings together currencies and crude oil. Price actions in one area, it forces opposing or sympathetic reactions in the other. Such a correlation persists for different reasons that include the balance of trade, resource distribution, market psychology, etc.

Additionally, crude oil makes a considerable contribution to deflationary and inflationary pressures that reinforces the inter-relationships amidst the trending periods, to downside and upside.

The Relationship Between The U.S. Dollar and Oil

Oil is quoted in U.S. dollars; therefore, each downtick, as well as an uptick in the currency or in the communities price, create a direct realignment between the numerous forex crosses and greenbacks. Such movements are not that correlated in countries without major crude oil reserve.

The Changing Scenario Of Oil Correlations

Many countries harnessed the crude oil reserved amidst the historical rise of the energy market between the 1990s and 2000s. Borrowings were made excessively to develop infrastructure, execute social programs, and expand military operations.

Post the economic collapse of 2008; the bills came to sue wherein some nations delivered whereas the others decided to double down by borrowing more against the reserved in order to rebuild the trust among their impacted economies.

The substantial burden of debt assisted in keeping high growth rates until the price of the global crude oil collapses in the year 2014. This also threw commodity-sensitive countries in a recession zone. Brazil, Canada, Russian, etc. experienced a struggling period for a couple of years while they adjusted to the plummeting values of their currencies. However, they did make a comeback between 2016 and 2017.

The pressure to sell more has spread across different groups of commodities, increasing concerns related to global deflation. Subsequently, it strengthened the correlation between commodities that were affected that include economic centres without major commodity reserves and crude oil.

Moreover, currencies in countries that have major mining reserves but inadequate energy reserves witness reduced currency value in comparison to oil-rich countries.

The U.S dollar has benefited from the decline of crude oil because the U.S economic growth is for some odd reasons compared to the trading partners, maintaining the right balance.

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EUR/CAD Global Macro Analysis Part 3

EUR/CAD Exogenous Analysis

  • The EU and Canada Current Account to GDP differential

When a country has a high current account to GDP ratio, it means that it is running a current account surplus. That implies that the country is highly competitive in international trade as the value of its exports is higher than its imports. Conversely, a country with a low or negative current account to GDP ratio, is running a current account deficit. It means that the value of its imports is higher than exports.

In 2020, Canada’s current account to GDP is expected to hit -2.7% while that of the EU 3.4%. Thus, the current account to GDP differential between the EU and Canada is  6.1%. This means that the EUR is in higher demand in the international market than the CAD. We assign a score of 5.

In the forex market, interest rate differential helps to show investors and traders which currency will earn them higher returns. In a carry trade, forex traders tend to be bullish on the currency that offers a higher interest rate differential. This means that the currency with the higher interest rate will have a higher demand than the lower interest rate.

The European Central Bank has maintained interest rates at 0% throughout 2020, while in Canada, interest rates were cut from 1.75% to 0.25%. Thus, the interest rate differential for the EUR/CAD pair is -0.25%. We assign a score of -2.

  • The EU and Canada GDP Growth Rate differential

Since countries vary in the economy’s size, it makes it hard to compare them based on absolute GDP. However, the GDP growth rate helps filter out the effects of the economy size and instead compares countries based on their growth.

From January to September 2020, the Canadian economy has contracted by 4.3% while the EU economy has contracted by 2.9%. That means that the GDP growth rate differential between the EU and Canada is 1.4%. i.e., the Canadian economy has contracted more than the EU economy. We assign a score of 4.

Conclusion

The exogenous analysis of the EUR/CAD pair has a score of 8, which means we can expect a bullish trend for the pair in the short-term. This is supported by our technical analysis, which shows the weekly chart bouncing off the lower Bollinger band, implying that an uptrend is looming.

We hope you find this article informative. In case of any queries, please let us know in the comments below. All the best.

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

EUR/CAD Global Macro Analysis Part 1 & 2

Introduction

The global macro analysis of the EUR/CAD pair will analyze endogenous factors that drive the domestic GDP in the EU and Canada. We’ll also analyze exogenous factors that affect the dynamics of the EU and Canada economies, hence affecting the EUR/CAD exchange rate.

Ranking Scale

We’ll rank both endogenous and exogenous factors on a sliding scale from -10 to +10. When the endogenous factors are negative, it means they caused the domestic currency to depreciate. A positive ranking means they resulted in an appreciation of the currency during the period under review. The endogenous scores are based on correlation with the domestic GDP growth.

Similarly, when the exogenous factors get a negative score, they resulted in a drop in the exchange rate. A positive exogenous score means it increased the exchange rate of the EUR/CAD pair. The exogenous scores are based on a correlation with the price of the EUR/CAD pair.

EUR Endogenous Analysis – Summary

The endogenous analysis of the EUR has presented a score of -3. Based on the indicators that we have analyzed, we can conclude that the Euro has depreciated marginally this year.

CAD Endogenous Analysis – Summary

This economic indicator shows the monthly change in the number of Canadians who are employed. It covers both full-time and part-time employment. Normally, employment changes correspond to an increased business activity, which corresponds to changes in the GDP.

In November 2020, employment in Canada increased by 62,000, down from the 83,600 increase registered in October. The November employment change was the lowest since May 2020, when economic recovery from the effects of the coronavirus began. Up to November 2020, the Canadian economy has shed about half a million jobs. We assign a score of -6.

  • Canada GDP Deflator

The GDP inflator is a comprehensive measure of the change in the inflation rate in Canada. It is comprehensive since it reflects the changes in the prices of all goods and services produced within the economy. This contrasts with other measures of inflation like the CPI, which only measures changes in the price of a select basket of goods and services.

In Q3 of 2020, the GD deflator in Canada rose to 111.6 from 108.8 in Q2. Q3 reading is the highest ever in the history of Canada. This shows that the Canadian economy is bouncing back from the economic downturn brought about by the pandemic. We assign a score of 2.

  • Canada Industrial Production

This indicator measures the total output from businesses operating in the industrial sector. Canadian industrial production comprises mining, manufacturing, and utilities. It is the backbone of the Canadian economy, with crude oil production alone accounting for almost 10% of the GDP.

In September 2020, the YoY Canadian industrial production dropped by 7.9%, while the MoM increased by 1.41%, up from the 0.13% drop in August. Up to September, the overall industrial production is down 5.54%. We assign a score of -5.

  • Canada Manufacturing PMI

This indicator measures the Canadian manufacturing sector’s performance from the perspective of firms’ purchasing managers in the sector. The PMI aggregates the following indexes; inventories, employment, new orders, output, and suppliers’ deliveries. The sector is expanding if the index is above 50, while a reading below 50 shows contraction.

In November 2020, the Canada Manufacturing PMI rose to 55.8 from 55.5 in October. This marked the fifth consecutive expansion in the manufacturing sector from July 2020. Thus, we assign a score of 4.

  • Canada Retail Sales

The Canada retail sales data measures the changes in the value of final goods and services purchased by households over a particular period. It is a critical leading indicator of the overall economic growth since households’ consumption is considered the primary driver of GDP growth.

In September 2020, the MoM retail sales in Canada increased by 1.1%  compared to a 0.5% increase in August. YoY retail sales rose by 4.6% compared to 3.7% in August 2020. Up to September 2020, the retail sales figure has risen by an average of 1.38%. We assign a score of 3.

  • Canada Consumer Confidence

Canada consumer confidence is calculated from an aggregate of 11 questions from the survey of households. This survey estimated the current situation to that expected by households in about six months. The questions touch on the areas of the economy, personal finances, job security, household purchases, and savings vs. expenditure goals. Their confidence is measured on a scale from 0 to 100.

In November 2020, consumer confidence in Canada rose to 44.5 from 42.08 in October. It is, however, still lower than during the pre-pandemic period. We assign a score of -5.

  • Canada Government Gross Debt to GDP

In 2019, Canada had a government debt to GDP ratio of 88.6%, down from 89.7% in 2018. The 2019 ratio was the fourth consecutive year since 2016, when the government debt to GDP ratio dropped.

In 2020, it is projected that the Canadian government debt to GDP ratio will increase to 97%. This increase is due to the increased expenditure to alleviate the economy during the coronavirus pandemic. Over the long term, Canada’s government debt to GDP ratio is expected to stabilize around 90%. We assign a score of -2.

In the next article, you can find the exogenous analysis of the EUR/CAD forex pair where we have qualitatively forecasted the future price movement of this pair. Cheers.

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200. The Correlation Between USD/CAD Pair & Crude Oil

Introduction

Crude oil, also known as black gold, is the major energy source that runs the economy. Canada is among the top oil producers in the world. It is one of the major oil exporters to the USA. Canada exports more than 3 million barrels of petroleum and oil products, a figure that is sufficient to impact USD/CAD’s movement.

USD/CAD and Crude Oil – The Correlation

The volume of crude oil that Canada exports to the US generate massive demand for the CAD. Moreover, Canada’s economy depends a lot on its exports, and approximately 85% of the country’s exports go to the US.

Therefore, the value of USD/CAD is significantly impacted by how the consumers in the United States reach oil prices. If the US’s demand increases, manufacturers have to order more oil to cater to the rising demand. This can result in rising oil prices, thereby resulting in reducing the value of USD/CAD.

Conversely, if the US’s demand falls, the manufacturer will not need to order in more oil to make goods. Subsequently, the oil prices might fall, which would be bad from the CAD value. So essentially, USD/CAD has a negative correlation.

It’s all about Supply and Demand

Supply and demand are the prominent influencers of the correlation between USD/CAD and crude oil, impacting the demand and supply of US dollars and Canadian dollars.

Export of cruise oil covers a significant percentage of the US currency acquired by Canada. This means that a shift in the price and volume of crude oil will have a considerable impact on the flow of the Greenback into the Canadian dollar.

Furthermore, high crude oil prices also imply a higher flow of USD into Canada due to its exports. This implies that there will be a strong supply of the USD into the Canadian dollar, thereby increasing the value of the Canadian dollar.

Similarly, when the crude price falls, the US dollar supply will be lowered as opposed to the Canadian dollar, leading to a decreasing value of the Canadian dollar.

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199. Effects Of Gold On AUD/USD & USD/CHF Currency Pairs

Introduction

Gold is among the most traded commodities globally due to the good intrinsic value of this asset. Considering that Gold is less impacted by uncertain conditions, its prices rise when other economies perform badly and fall when there is an economic boom.

Gold impacts AUD/USD and USD/CHF in opposite manners. Price fluctuations in Gold primarily impact three major currencies that include AUD, USD, and CHF. Let’s discuss how Gold affects AUD/USD and USD/CHF.

The Effect of Gold in AUD/USD

When the price of gold rises, the AUD/USD will move upwards. These two aspects share a positive correlation; most of the time, they move together. An increase in the U.S. dollar generally contributes to the gold prices to fall and vice versa. The price of Gold perfectly depicts the economic health of the country.

During an economic crisis in the country, investors purchase Gold as protection from inflation or an economic crisis. But the inner value of the Gold does not change whether or not there is a crisis. Furthermore, gold value is displayed in the dollar, meaning every gold transaction, you spend/receive a dollar.

Australia’s Economy and its Impact on Gold Prices

AUD and Gold share a positive relationship and are inversely related to the USD. If the gold price rises, the Australian exports will increase, resulting in the expansion of the economy and foreign investment. When the gold price increases, the AUD/USD will move upwards because of the increasing demand for the AUD.

Impact on the USD/CHF

The Switzerland currency holds a positive correlation with Gold. This is because 25% of CHF is supported by the gold reserves. The refineries in Switzerland also process 70% unrefined gold every year. Additionally, Gold and CHF are inflation hedging during uncertain times.

Therefore, when the price of gold increases, the CHF value also appreciates or increases, vice-versa. Gold has a positive relationship with CHF and an inverse relationship with USD/CHF. When the price of gold rises, the value of USD/CHF falls down and vice-versa.

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EUR/AUD Global Macro Analysis – Part 3

EUR/AUD Exogenous Analysis

  • The EU and Australia Current Account to GDP differential

The current account to GDP shows the percentage of a country’s international trade that makes up the GDP. Countries with higher current account surplus have a higher current account to GDP ratio while those running deficits have a negative current account to GDP ratio.

In this case, if the GDP differential is positive, it means that the exchange rate for the EUR/AUD pair will increase. But if the differential is negative, then the exchange rate for the pair will drop.

In 2020, the current account to GDP ratio in the EU is expected to hit 3.4% and -1.5% in Australia. Thus, the current account to GDP differential is 4.9%. We assign a score of 3.

Typically, investors put their money into financial instruments that offer higher interest rates. Therefore, the country with a higher interest rate should be expected to have more inflow of funds than that with a lower interest rate. Note that when foreign investors invest in the local economy, they have to convert their money into the domestic currency. This conversion increases the demand for the domestic currency in the forex market hence increasing its value.

In forex trading, if the EUR/AUD pair has a positive interest rate differential, it means that the exchange rate of the pair will increase. Conversely, a negative interest rate differential implies that the pair has a bearish outlook.

In 2020, the Reserve Bank of Australia cut the cash rate from 0.75% to 0.1%, while the ECB has maintained interest rates at 0%. Therefore, the interest rate differential for the EUR/AUD pair is -0.1%. We assign a score of -3.

  • The EU and Australia Growth Rate differential

In any economy, the value of the domestic currency is mostly determined by the growth of the local economy. Therefore, a country whose economy is growing faster will see its domestic currency appreciate faster.

If the growth rate differential is negative for the EUR/AUD pair, we can expect a bearish outlook. If it is positive, it implies that the exchange rate for the pair will rise.

For the first three quarters of 2020, the Australian economy contracted by 4% and the EU economy by 2.9%. The GDP growth differential is 1.1%. We assign a score of 2.

Conclusion

The EUR/AUD exogenous factors have a score of 2. If the conditions observed in the exogenous factors persist, we can expect that the pair will adopt a bullish trend in the short-term.

The technical analysis of the EUR/AUD shows the weekly price chart bouncing off the oversold region of the lower Bollinger bands. More so, the pair is still trading above the 200-period MA. All the best.

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

EUR/AUD Global Macro Analysis – Part 1 & 2

Introduction

Global macro analysis of the EUR/AUD pair will focus on the endogenous analysis of fundamental factors driving economic growth in the EU and Australia. It will also involve exogenous analysis that will focus on factors that influence the EUR/AUD pair’s exchange rate.

Ranking Scale

This analysis will assign a score between -10 and +10, depending on the endogenous and exogenous factors’ impact.

A negative score for the endogenous factors means that the local currency shed some value. When positive, it means that the domestic currency has appreciated. The endogenous score is determined through correlation analysis between the endogenous factors and the GDP growth rate.

On the other hand, when the exogenous factors have a negative score, it means that the exchange rate between the EUR and the AUD will drop. A positive score means that the exchange rate will rise. The exogenous score is determined via a correlation analysis between the exogenous factors and the EUR/AUD pair’s exchange rate.

EUR Endogenous Analysis – Summary

The endogenous analysis of the EUR has an overall score of -3. Based on the factors we have analyzed, we can expect that the Euro has marginally depreciated in 2020.

AUD Endogenous Analysis – Summary

As you can see in the below image, according to the Endogenous Indicators of AUD, we can conclude that this currency has depreciated as well in 2020.

The employment change in Australia tracks the monthly number of people who are gainfully employed or engaged in unpaid work. The fluctuation in the number of those employed on a full-time or parttime basis helps to show economic growth.

Between September and October 2020, the number of those employed in Australia increased by 178,800. This shows that the economy is recovering and adding more jobs to the labor market. However, from January to October, the Australian labor market has lost about 190,100 jobs. Hence, we assign a score of -6.

  • Australia GDP Deflator

The GDP deflator measures the overall inflation for the economy. It is a comprehensive measure of inflation rate compared to other measures since it accounts for the changes in the prices of all goods and services produced within Australia. Changes in the prices often correspond to changes in economic growth.

In the third quarter of 2020, the Australia GDP deflator rose to 102.03 points from 101.64 in Q2. Up to Q3, the GDP deflator in Australia has dropped by 0.07 points. We assign a score of -2.

  • Australia Industrial Production

Industrial production measures the quarterly changes in output from the manufacturing sector, utilities, and mining. Note that the Australian economy is heavily dependent on commodity exports, which means that industrial production changes significantly impact economic growth.

In Q2, the industrial production in Australia dropped by 3.3%, while the YoY Q3 industrial production dropped by 2.02%. The drop in Q2 is the largest quarterly drop in over 25 years. We assign a score of -6.

  • Australia Manufacturing PMI

This PMI is from a survey of companies operating in the industrial sector. The index shows whether the manufacturing sector in Australia is expanding or contracting. In Australia, the Ai Group surveys the changes in new orders, employment, inventory, output prices, and production levels. When the index is above 50, it means that the manufacturing sector is expanding and contracting when it’s below 50.

In November 2020, the AIG Australian manufacturing PMI dropped to 52.1 from 56.3 in October. Despite the drop, the Australian manufacturing PMI points to growth in the industrial sector. Hence, we assign a score of 6.

  • Australia Retail Sales

The retail sales data in Australia tracks the monthly change of the consumer expenditure on goods and services. Consumer goods include items of clothing and footwear, food, and household items. Purchases made in restaurants, departmental stores, and hotel services and deliveries are also included as retail sales.

In October 2020, the MoM retail sales increased by 1.4% from a 1.1% drop in September. In 2020, the average MoM retail sales have grown by 0.97%. We assign a score of 2.

  • Australia Consumer Confidence

The Melbourne Institute and Westpac Bank survey about 1200 households in Australia and constructs the consumer confidence index. The index is based on households’ evaluation of their financial condition for the preceding year and in the next 12 months. It also includes their economic expectations in the next one and five years. When the index is above 100, it shows that households are optimistic and pessimistic if the index is below 100. Note that consumer confidence about their finances and the economy determines their level of expenditure; hence, it drives the rate of GDP growth.

In December 2020, consumer confidence in Australia rose to 112 from 107.7 in November, which is the highest in over ten years. We assign a score of 5.

  • Australia Government Debt to GDP

The government debt to GDP determines the ability of the economy to service its debts. It also impacts the ability of the government to take on more debt to advance an economic agenda. A debt level of below 60% of the GDP is preferable since it ensures that the government can take on more debt without over-leveraging the economy.

In 2019, the Australian government debt to GDP rose to 45.1% from 41.5% in 2018. In 2020, it is expected to reach 50% on account of increased government expenditure during the coronavirus pandemic. We assign a score of -3.

Please check our following article where we discuss the Exogenous analysis of the EUR/AUD Forex pair. Cheers.

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198. The ‘Dollar Smile Theory’

Introduction

The U.S. Dollar Smile Theory is a popular notion that illustrates that the U.S. Dollar stays positive in good as well as bad market conditions. This theory was created by a former economist and strategist Morgan Stanley, and it became popular in 2007.

This was the time when the U.S. dollar witnessed a significant boost amidst the global recession. Many times, looking at the market conditions, people would think the U.S. dollar would fall, but surprisingly it continues to grow.


Source: here.

Why does that happen?

The Dollar Smile Theory answers this question.

Following are the three scenarios that Morgan Stanley put forward to explain the positive growth of the U.S. Dollar.

  • The Strength Due To Risk Aversion

The first reason that the U.S. dollar rise is due to risk aversion. This is a situation where investors rely more on safe-haven currencies such as the dollar, yen, etc. During this period, investors consider the global economy in an unstable position. Hence, they are less likely to invest in the risky asset; instead, they put their cash on U.S. dollars.

  • The Dollar Weakens to New Low – Economic Recession and Slowdown

Under this scenario, the US dollar falls to a new low. The bottom of the smile indicates the dull performance of the currency as the economy struggles with weak fundamentals. Additionally, the possibility of falling interest rates also impacts the position of the U.S. Dollar. This results in the market participants steering clear from the dollar.

Subsequently, the primary motto of the U.S. Dollar becomes to Sell. Investors move from buying the currency to selling it and moving towards currencies that are providing higher yields.

  • The Strength Of The U.S. Economy Helps

The U.S. dollar continues to grow because of the strong economy of the country. After the low, a new smile emerges as the economy sees its light at the end of the tunnel. With the signs of the recovery of the economy, a sense of optimism spreads through the market.

This increases the sentiments towards the dollar again. With the US economy enjoying higher GDP growth, the greenback continues to appreciate. This increases the interest rate in the international market.

Though the theory is quite relevant and backed by some logic, the economy is extremely volatile. So only time will tell how definite the Dollar Smile theory is in the future.

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Forex Basic Strategies

Trading The Forex Market Effectively Using ‘Renko’ Charts

Introduction

If you are a Forex trader, you can agree-many winning strategies exist out there. And Renko charts are among the handy weapons you can deploy to your advantage. This write-up will help you grasp handy tips to get your feet wet, as well as scaling your trading into a profitable trajectory.

Renko charts are not very popular as bars or candlesticks among traders. However, they can be very profitable when a trader uses them correctly. Renko chart trading is a robust way to analyze price trends, and even superb when you combine it with another tool to confirm entry and exit positions.

What Is Unique With Renko?

Well, Renko charts only show you the price movements of an underlying asset without factoring in time and volume. The formation of a Renko bar or body is in one direction. And it forms only when prices move by a predefined amount in pips. You can adjust the number of pips per block to suit your needs or trading strategy.

Also, a subsequent Renko bar can only form either adobe or below a previous one. It’s that model that shows you the price direction with unique preciseness.

Their naming arises from Japanese “Renga,” which means brick. Therefore, Renko charting arises from a series of blocks. In the light of Forex trading, the charting of the blocks moves up or down with prices.

Advantages of Trading Forex using Renko charts

  1. Renko charts are simple in both ease of interpretation and use.
  2. Great for determining the levels of support and resistance.
  3. Traders can adjust the block sizes to suit their trading needs.
  4. Renko charts are great at signaling price breakout or reversal.
  5. Ideally, Renko charts only show you how prices are moving.

Overall, Renko charts give traders an edge with overly volatile commodities like Oil and Gold. The charting digs deeper into the pricing histories. The charting model behind Renko builds on plotting price on the -Y-axis Vis a Vis time.

Renko beats conventional price-charting by removing insignificant price movements.

There are three metrics that Renko shades off from ordinary price action. And they are:

  • Any false price breakouts
  • The candle-wicks
  • The price volatility

Ideally, it pays attention to the critical metrics: support, resistance, and the trend.

Whenever prices move, Renko converts that into a commensurate block on the chart. And every block forms after price confirmations. The reality is, Renko charts do not work with partial blocks. They have to be wholesome and in line with the set numbers per single block.

As a trader, it makes great sense if you’re able to sift out short-term fluctuations out of a price chart. Beauty is Renko charting is a great tool at that. Price volatility is the greatest enemy for many traders, especially if you can only bring in a small trading margin.

While most traders can establish trends from normal price- charting, Renko charting is another wholesome set of trading tools to help you sharpen your decisions while trading.

More Pointers with Renko Charts

As indicated earlier, Renko charting creates blocks after by concurrently establishing the closing positions of a previous block. Next, subsequent blocks can only form either below or above a previous one.

Using the precedence above, Renko charting brings you a precise tool into your trading arsenal to help you view trends more clearly. Along with that, it’s also important to calculate the most appropriate block size – in line with the asset you target to trade.

Calculation of Renko blocks

There are two documented methods for the determination of the optimal sizes of Renko blocks.

First is the ATR or Average True Range. It relies on the ART indicator to determine the height of an ordinary candlestick.

Second is the model where a trader provides a predefined value for the size of a block.

So, new blocks only form when price movements meet the minimum value set for a block.

Sniffing a Buy Opportunity with Renko Charts

Image credits: best-trading-platforms.com

Renko charts help traders spot trend directions very clearly. And there are two ways to spot an opportunity to go long. Using the image above, a monthly view of a stock’s prices is visible. Simple, green bricks signify uptrends, while the ref ones signify the downtrend.

Primarily, the years 2017 and 2019 are trends – good opportunities to go long (buy). Towards the end of 2018, there’s a trend reversal (bricks turn red- the opportunity for buyers to exit and pocket profits)

Also, the same trend reversal creates an opportunity for traders to go short and also take profits. Look at 2019 also; the green bricks signify the continuity of the uptrend.

Image Credits: best-trading-platforms.com

Look at the figure above, the EUR/USD pair oscillations ranging from 1.0500 – 1.1500 from 2015 through to -2016. Also, notice the uptrend starting from 2017 but with a reversal along the way. Uptrends are opportunities to go long, while downtrends are opportunities to go short.

Pro Tip: If you are looking to upscale your trading success, Renko charts greatly help. However, ensure that aside from mastering them, it’s excellent to confirm the trends, support, and resistance levels using one or more indicators.

Keep in mind that trading success arises from careful analysis of entry and exit positions. Upfront, it may seem cumbersome – taking time to do the due diligence in the analysis. Utmost, do not trade with emotions. Renko charts and many other tools will help you sharpen your analysis.

The preciseness and effectiveness of a strategy arise from long spells of practical use. Renko is a super-tool for scalping when you compare it to classical price charting or bar or candlesticks.

Other handy trade signal tools to combine with Renko Charts

  • Simple Moving Averages -SME Enter trades with three bars in the direction of the trend and 10 SME sloping downwards or upwards. (This will help you avoid false breaks in a reversal against the trend)
  • On Balance Volume –OBV Enter trades when you confirm the trend and SME as tally that with OBV indicator’s direction.

Parting Shot

Renko charting brings in more preciseness for your trend confirmation in line with price action and the trend. It helps you filter out the noise with volume and time and leaves you with price direction only. For successful scalping, incorporating Renko is a better way to go about it. Renko charts help you keep the focus on the trend for position trades and note it’s the reversal in good time to exit.

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

EUR/NZD Global Macro Analysis – Part 3

EUR/NZD Exogenous Analysis

  • The EU and New Zealand Current Account to GDP differential

An economy’s current account comprises the balance of trade, net transfer payments, and net factor income. In international trade, a country with a higher current account surplus experiences higher demand for its domestic currency. That means the value of its currency will be higher. Typically, a higher current account to GDP means that the country has more current account surplus.

For the EUR/NZD pair, if the differential of the current account to GDP is negative, it means that the pair’s exchange rate will fall. If it’s positive, we can expect the pair’s exchange rate to increase.

In 2020, New Zealand’s current account to GDP is forecasted to reach -0.8% while that of the EU 3.4%. Thus, the current account to GDP differential between the EU and New Zealand is 4.2%. We assign a score of 4.

The prevailing interest rate in a country determines the flow of capital from foreign investors. Naturally, the country that offers a higher interest rate will attract more foreign investors who seek higher returns. Similarly, a country with lower interest rates will experience an outflow of capital by foreign investors. In the forex market, a currency pair with a positive interest rate differential tends to be bullish since traders are buying the base currency – which offers a higher interest rate and sell the quote currency – which has a lower interest rate. Conversely, a currency pair is expected to be bearish if the interest rate differential is negative since investors will sell the base currency and buy the quote currency.

In 2020, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand cut the official cash rate to 0.25%, while the ECB maintained the interest rate at 0%. Hence, the interest rate differential for the EUR/NZD pair is -0.25%. We assign a score of -3.

  • The EU and New Zealand GDP Growth Rate differential

The value of a country’s domestic currency is impacted by the growth rate of the local economy. Thus, comparing the growth rate between countries’ GDP growth rates helps determine which currency appreciated or depreciated more than the other.

The New Zealand economy contracted by 3.2% in the first three quarters of 2020 and that of the EU by 2.9%. The GDP growth rate differential is 0.3%. We assign a score of 2.

Conclusion

The EUR/NZD exogenous analysis has a cumulative rank of 3. This means that the pair is expected to trade in a bullish trend in the short-term.

The bullish trend can also be observed from the technical analysis of the weekly price charts. The pair is trading above the 200-period MA and the weekly price rebounding from the lower Bollinger Band.

We hope you found this analysis informative. If you have any questions, please let us know in the comments below. Cheers!

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

EUR/NZD Global Macro Analysis – Part 1 & 2

Introduction

In conducting the global macro analysis for the EUR/NZD pair, we will analyze the endogenous factors that impact the EU and New Zealand economic growth. We’ll also analyze exogenous economic factors that affect the EUR/NZD pair’s exchange rate in the forex market.

Ranking Scale

We will rank the effects of the endogenous and exogenous factors on a sliding scale of -10 to +10. The endogenous factors will be ranked based on correlation analysis with the GDP growth rate. When the endogenous ranking is negative, it means that the domestic currency will depreciate and appreciate when positive.

Similarly, the exogenous factors are scored based on correlation analysis with the EUR/NZD pair’s exchange rate. A positive score means that the EUR/NZD pair’s price will rise and drop if the score is negative.

Summary – EUR Endogenous Analysis

Based on the factors we have analyzed, we have got a score of -3, and we can expect the Euro to be marginally depreciating in 2020.

Summary – NZD Endogenous Analysis

A score of -4 on NZD Endogenous Analysis implies that in 2020, the NZD has depreciated as well.

Employment change measures the quarterly change in the number of people who are gainfully employed. It can be used as a comprehensive measure of the labor market changes, which corresponds to economic growth.

In Q3 of 2020, Employment in New Zealand dropped by 0.8%, from a 0.3% drop in Q2 to 2.709 million. The Q3 reading is the largest drop in QoQ employment since Q1 of 2009. We assign a score of  -6.

  • New Zealand GDP Deflator

This indicator measures the quarterly changes in the price of all economic output in New Zealand. It is regarded as the most specific inflation measure since it covers price changes for every good and service produced.

In Q2 of 2020, the New Zealand GDP deflator dropped to 1238 points from 1242 in Q1. This shows that the economy contracted in Q2. Hence, we assign a score of -3.

  • New Zealand Manufacturing Sales

New Zealand manufacturing sales track the change in the volume of total sales made in the manufacturing sector. The indicator tracks the sales in 13 industries, which comprehensively represents New Zealand’s economy. The changes in the volume of sales are directly correlated to the growth of the economy.

In Q3 of 2020, the YoY manufacturing sales in New Zealand increased by 3.1% after dropping by 12.1% in Q2 and 1.9% in Q1. The increase in Q3 is the largest recorded since January 2017. However, since the overall industrial production is still at multi-year lows, we assign a score of -6.

  • New Zealand Manufacturing PMI

This index is aggregated from a survey of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. It is a composite of scores regarding output in the sector, prices, expected output, employment, new orders, and inventory. When the PMI is above 50, it means that the manufacturing sector is expanding. A PMI score below 50 shows that the sector is contracting. Naturally, these periods of expansions and contractions are leading indicators of changes in the GDP growth rate.

In November 2020, the New Zealand manufacturing PMI rose to 55.3 from 51.7 in October. The rise was due to increased new orders, inventory, production, and deliveries, as uncertainties surrounding COVID-19 decreased. We assign a score of 4.

  • New Zealand Retail Sales

The retail sales track the changes in the quarterly purchase of final goods and services by households in New Zealand. Although retail sales are often affected by seasonality and tend to be highly volatile, it is a significant measure of the overall economic growth since consumer expenditure is one of the primary drivers of GDP growth.

In Q3 of 2020, New Zealand retail sales increased by 28% from 14.8% recorded in Q2. Historically, the Q3 retail sales increase is the largest rise recorded in New Zealand since 1995. The increase was driven by increased expenditure on groceries, vehicles, and household goods. On average, the QoQ New Zealand retail sales figure has grown by 4.1%. We assign a score of 4.

  • New Zealand Consumer Confidence

The New Zealand consumer confidence is also called the Westpac McDermott Miller Consumer Confidence Index. The index measures the quarterly change in consumers’ pessimism or optimism about the performance of the economy. When the index is above 100, it shows increased optimism by households, and that below 100 shows pessimism.

In the fourth quarter of 2020, New Zealand consumer confidence rose to 106 from 95.1 in Q3. The increased optimism was driven by higher readings in both the current and expected financial situation. We assign a score of 2.

  • New Zealand Government Net Debt to GDP

Investors use this ratio to determine if the economy is capable of servicing its debt obligations. Consequently, the government’s net debt to GDP affects the government securities yield and determines a country’s borrowing costs. Typically, levels below 60% are deemed favorable.

In 2019, the New Zealand Government Net Debt to GDP dropped to 19% from 19.6% in 2018. In 2020, it is projected to range between 27% to 32%, which would be the highest since 1998. We assign a score of 1.

In the next article, we have done the exogenous analysis of both EUR and NZD pairs to accurately forecast this currency pair’s future trend. Please check that out. Cheers.

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Forex Trading Guides

Guide To 160+ Forex Fundamental Indicators

As we all know, there are three primary techniques to trade the Forex market. They are Technical Analysis, Fundamental Analysis, and Sentimental Analysis. Technical Analysis is one of the most prominent ways of trading the market, which involves using Technical Indicators, Price Action Techniques, etc. However, Fundamental analysis is one of the most underrated techniques to gauge the currency price movement.

Therefore, at Forex Academy, we have put forward a series of Fundamental Indicators that we believe strongly impact the Forex price charts. We have clearly explained the importance of each of these indicators and pictographically showed the relative impact of the indicator’s news release on the Forex currency pairs.

This guide will help you navigate through these indicators in the easiest way possible. The order of these indicators implies their relative importance. As the list goes down, the importance of the indicators deteriorates.

Interest Rate

Inflation Rate

Government Debt to GDP Ratio

Current Account to GDP Ratio

Balance Of Trade

Unemployment Rate

Labor Force Participation Rate

Core Inflation

Cash Reserve Ratio

Productivity

Foreign Exchange Reserves

Non-Farm Payroll

Consumer Price Index

Producer Price Index

Corporate Tax

Building Permits

Income Tax

Consumer Confidence

Capital Flows

Crude Oil Production

Consumer Credit

Gold Reserves

Consumer Spending

Tourism Revenues

Personal Spending

Personal Saving

Initial Jobless Claims

Terrorism Index

Gasoline Prices

Government Debt

Credit Rating’

Core Consumer Price

New Orders

Mining Production

Car Registrations

Manufacturing Production

Manufacturing PMI

Leading Economic Index

Households Debt to GDP

Imports

Housing Index

Housing Starts

Government Budget

Disposable Personal Income

Cement Production

Car Production

Capacity Utilization

Bank Lending Rate

Home Ownership Rate

Government Spending

Foreign Direct Investment

Fiscal Expenditure

Government Revenue

Exports

Employed Persons

Construction Output

Wage Growth

Private Sector Credit

Steel Production

Services PMI

Terms Of Trade

Ease of Doing Business

Corruption Index

Electricity Production

Composite PMI

Industrial Production Index

Factory Orders

Corporate Profits

Internet Speed

ZEW Economic Sentiment Index

Changes in Inventories

GDP Constant Prices

Retail Sales MoM

Gross National Product

GDP From Agriculture

Gross Fixed Capital Formation

GDP From Manufacturing

GDP From Public Administration

GDP Per Capita PPP

GDP Per Capita

GDP Growth Rate

Long Term Unemployment Rate

Labour Costs

Full-Time Employment

Minimum Wages

Employment Change

Central Bank Balance Sheet

Youth Unemployment Rate

Harmonized Consumer Prices

Export Prices

Imports by Category

Import Prices

Imports by Country

Exports by Category

GDP From Utilities

GDP From Transport

GDP from Services

GDP from Mining

GDP from Construction

Business Confidence

Sales Tax Rate

Social Security Rate

Job Vacancies

Corruption Rank

Interbank Rate

Small Business Sentiment

Bankruptcies’

Deposit Interest Rate

Employment Rate

Food Inflation

Households Debt to Income

Lending Rate

Industrial Production MoM

Inflation Rate MoM

Producer Prices Change

GDP Annual Growth Rate 

Loan Growth

Loans to Private Sector

Retail Sales YoY

Wages

GDP Deflator

Total Vehicle Sales

IP Addresses

Asylum Applications

Government Budget Value

Social Security Rate For Employees

Social Security Rate For Companies

Employment Trends Index

Commitments of Traders

Reserve Assets

Money Supply

New Home Sales

Public Sector Net Borrowing

Cryptocurrency Negotiation

Existing-Home Sales

Durable Goods Orders

Pending Home Sales

Job Cuts

Home Loans

Sentix Investor Confidence

Gross Domestic Product Estimate

Foreign Securities Purchases

Mortgage Market Index

US Crude Oil Inventories

Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index

Machinery Orders

Long Government Bond Auction 

US Redbook

German Ifo Business Climate Index

US 10-Year TIPS Auction

US Baker Hughes Oil Rig Count

Jobs to Applications Ratio

Commodity Prices

Business Investment

Wholesale Trade Sales

Retail Sales Monitor

Economy Watchers Current Index

US TIC Net Long-Term Transactions

This list is all you need, to master the fundamental indicators and how they affect the Forex price movements. If you have any questions, please let us know in the comments below. Cheers!

Categories
Forex Course

197. Using The USDX Numbers To Trade The Forex Market

Introduction

The U.S. Dollar Index is one of the most reckoned currency indexes and trades on exchanges with the DXY ticker or the USDX ticker. This index has been around in the market since 1973, when the base value was kept at 100,000.00, which is now 100.00.

It is a very prominent factor that facilitates Greenback. And the basket used to measure the U.S. dollar index value has only been changed once post-Euro replaced many other European currencies in 1999.

Formula To Calculate USDX

USDX = 50.14348112 * the EUR/USD exchange rate ^ (-0.576) * the USD/JPY exchange rate ^ (0.136) * the GBP/USD exchange rate ^ (-0.119) X the USD/CAD exchange rate ^ (0.091) × the USD/SEK exchange rate ^ (0.042) * the USD/CHF exchange rate ^ (0.036).

Implementing The US Dollar Index to Trade Forex

The movement determined in the U.S. currency index, such as the USDX, offers traders a sense of how the currency is experiencing a change in its value against other currencies in the index. For instance, if there is a rise in the USDX level, this indicates the rise in the U.S. dollar. Similarly, when the level of USDX is falling, so is the dollar in the foreign exchange market.

Many financial reporters leverage the changes witnessed in the U.S. Dollar Index’s value to offer their viewers and audiences an idea of how the U.S. dollar performed in the foreign exchange market. This works as an alternative to analyzing how each currency increased or decreased against the dollar.

Moreover, the USDX can also act as an inverse indicator that reflects the strength of the consolidated Euro currency of the European Union, considering that the weight of Euro (57.6%) is the most in the index.

Another prominent aspect that the forex trader should consider is how the movements of the USDX is associated with the other currencies that are put against the U.S. Dollar.

For instance, when the currency pair is measured as USD/JPY, it is likely to be positively correlated, and both the currencies should rise and fall at the same time.

Contrarily, when the currency pair is measured like EUR/USD, then the currency pair and USDX are inversely correlated. This implies that they are likely to move in the opposite direction, where one will fall when the other rises.

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Categories
Forex Course

196. Ever Wondered What ‘Trade-Weighted Dollar Index’ Is All About?

Introduction

The trade-weighted dollar is a prominent index developed by the FED in order to measure the value of the U.S. dollar spending on its competitiveness against the trading partners. It is used to determine the purchasing value of the U.S. dollar and to summarize the impact of appreciation and depreciation of the currency against foreign currencies.

The Importance Of Trade-Weighted Dollar Index

When the value of the U.S. dollar rises, the import to the country becomes less expensive, whereas exports become expensive. A Trade-Weighted Dollar Index is used to measure the value of the foreign exchange of the U.S. dollar in comparison to specific foreign currencies.

It offers weightage or importance to currencies that are most popularly used in international trade, instead of comparing the dollar value to every foreign currency. As the currencies are weighted distinctively, the modifications in each currency will have a different effect on the trade-weighted dollar as well as corresponding indexes.

After the U.S. Dollar Index, Trade-Weighted Dollar Index is the primary tool used to measure the strength of the U.S. dollar. It is also reckoned as the Broad Index was introduced in 1998 by the U.S. Federal Reserve Board.

It was created after the integration of the Euro and to reflect the trade patterns of the U.S. more precisely. The Federal Reserve picked 26 currencies for this broad index, envisioning the acceptance of the Euro by 11 countries belonging to the European Union.

Countries Included In The Trade-Weighted Dollar

Index

Here are the countries with the weight on the index –

  • Eurozone – 18.947
  • China – 15.835
  • Canada – 13.384
  • Mexico – 13.524
  • Japan – 6.272
  • United Kingdom – 5.306
  • Korea – 3.322
  • Taiwan – 1.95
  • Singapore – 1.848
  • Brazil – 1.979
  • Malaysia – 1.246
  • Hong Kong – 1.41
  • India – 2.874
  • Switzerland – 2.554
  • Thailand -1.096
  • Australia – 1.395
  • Russia – 0.526
  • Israel – 1.053
  • Sweden – 0.52
  • Indonesia – 0.675
  • Saudi Arabia – 0.499
  • Chile – 0.625
  • Philippines – 0.687
  • Colombia – 0.604
  • Argentina – 0.507

Final Thoughts

Trade-Weighted US Dollar is a broad index that includes countries from all across the world. Traders will also find some developing countries in the broad index list, which makes it a better reflection of the value of the U.S. dollar worldwide.

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Categories
Forex Fundamental Analysis

EUR/GBP Global Macro Analysis – Part 3

EUR/GBP Exogenous Analysis

  • The EU and the UK Current Account to GDP differential

This indicator is used to measure how competitive an economy is in the international market. When a country has a higher trade surplus, the current account to GDP ratio is higher. Conversely, if a country has a lower trade surplus or deficit, the ratio is smaller.

Typically, economies with a higher surplus in terms of the balance of trade tend to have more exports than imports. That means that their value on exports is higher than imports, implying that the domestic currency is in high demand in the forex market. Similarly, a running deficit means lower demand for the domestic currency in the forex market since it is a net importer.

In 2020, the EU current account to GDP is expected to hit 3.4% while that of the UK -4%. The differential is 7%. Based on the correlation with the exchange rate of the EUR/GBP pair, we assign a score of 6. That means we expect a bullish trend for the pair.

This helps determine where the most investor capital will flow. Expectedly, investors will direct their capital to the country with a higher interest rate to earn superior returns. In the forex market, traders tend to be bullish when a currency pair has a positive interest rate differential and bearish if it has a negative interest rate differential.

In the EU, the ECB has maintained interest rates at 0%, while the BOE cut interest rates from 0.75% to 0.1%. Therefore, the interest rate differential for the EUR/GBP pair is -0.1%. Based on the correlation with the EUR/GBP exchange rate, we assign a score of -2.

  • The EU and the UK GDP Growth Rate differential

The differential in GDP growth helps to efficiently compare economic growth by eliminating the aspect of the size of different economies.

For the first three quarters of 2020, the EU economy has contracted by 2.9% while the UK has contracted by 6.8%. That makes the GDP growth rate differential between the two economies 3.9%. It means that the EU economy contracted at a slower pace than the UK. Based on the correlation with the EUR/GBP price, we assign a score of 5.

Conclusion

The exogenous analysis of the EUR/GBP pair has a score of 9. This inflationary score means that we can expect a bullish trend for the pair in the short-term.

Our technical analysis shows the pair trading above the 200-period MA. More so, notice that the EUR/GBP pair bounces off the lower Bollinger band crossing above the middle band, supporting our fundamental analysis. Happy  Trading.

Categories
Forex Fundamental Analysis

EUR/GBP Global Macro Analysis – Part 2

GBP Endogenous Analysis – Summary

The GBP endogenous analysis has a score of -9. We can therefore understand that the GBP has depreciated in 2020.

  • United Kingdom Employment Change

The UK unemployment change measures the changes in the number of people who are above 16 years and employed. This data is a 3-month moving average of the change in employment, which measures a general trend in the labor industry changes, which typically corresponds to fluctuations in the economy.

In the three months to September 2020, the number of employed people in the UK dropped by 164,000. The YoY employment change shows a drop of 247,000 jobs, which is the worst in ten years. Based on correlation analysis, we assign a score of -7.

  • United Kingdom GDP Deflator

The UK GDP deflator is used as a measure of the comprehensive change in inflation. It filters out any nominal price changes in the entirety of the goods and services produced within the UK.

In Q3 of 2020, the UK GDP deflator dropped to 109.12 from 111.9 in Q2 – the highest ever recorded in UK history. The UK GDP deflator has increased by 6.41in 2020. We, therefore, assign a score of 4 based on its correlation with the GDP growth.

  • United Kingdom Industrial Production

This indicator tracks the changes in all the firms operating under the industrial sector in the UK. The manufacturing sector accounts for about 70% of the total industrial output. The major components of the manufacturing sector are food, tobacco, and drinks, which account for 11%. The manufacture of transport equipment and basic metals account for 17%, pharmaceuticals and non-metallic 6% each. Quarrying and mining activities account for 12% of the industrial production, with 10% for oil and gas extraction.

In September 2020, MoM industrial production in the UK rose by 0.5 while YoY dropped by 6.3%. Despite the growth and recovery of industrial activity from the coronavirus pandemic, the output is still 5.6% lower than the pre-pandemic levels. Thus, we assign a score of -3 based on correlation with GDP growth.

  • United Kingdom Manufacturing PMI

This index is a result of a survey of about 600 companies in the industrial sector. It is a composite of new orders, which accounts for 30%, output 25%, employment 20%, deliveries from suppliers 15%, and inventory 10%. When the index is above 50, it shows that the manufacturing sector is expanding. Below 50, the manufacturing sector is expected to contract, which impacts the GDP output.

In November 2020, the UK manufacturing PMI was 55.6 – the highest recorded in three years. This was mainly driven by increased inventories and increased new orders as a result of Brexit. We assign a score of 3 based on correlation with the GDP growth rate.

  • United Kingdom Consumer Spending

Consumer spending in the UK shows the amount of money that households spent on the purchase of goods and services in the retail sector. Note that expenditure by households is among the primary drivers of GDP growth.

In Q3 of 2020, the UK consumer spending rose to £304.5 billion from £258.32 billion in Q2. This increase is attributed to the restriction imposed at the onset of the coronavirus outbreak, resulting in the economic slowdown. It is, however, still lower than the pre-pandemic levels. Thus, we assign a score of -5 based on correlation with the GDP growth rate.

  • United Kingdom Consumer Confidence

In the UK, GfK surveys about 2000 households to establish their opinions about the past and future economic conditions, their financial situation, and prospects of saving. The survey period covers about 12 months into the future, which makes it a leading indicator of consumer spending, and by extension, the overall economy.

In November 2020, the UK consumer confidence dropped to -33 edging closer to yearly lows of -34 registered at the height of the pandemic. We assign a score of -5 based on its correlation with the GDP growth rate.

  • United Kingdom Public Sector Net Debt to GDP

This ratio tracks the indebtedness of the UK economy. Based on the economy out, both domestic and foreign investors use the ratio to determine whether the UK can be able to service its debt obligations in the future comfortably.

In the financial year 2018 – 2019, the UK’s public sector net debt to GDP was 80.8%, down from 82.4%. In 2020, it is expected to hit 100% with a longer-term average of 91%. We assign a score of 4 since the increased net pubic debt managed to avoid a deeper recession in 2020.

In the next article, we have performed the Exogenous analysis of the EUR/GBP pair and concluded what trend to expect in this currency pair in the near future. Cheers.

Categories
Forex Fundamental Analysis

EUR/GBP Global Macro Analysis – Part 1

Introduction

A global macro analysis attempts to analyze the endogenous factors that influence the value of a country’s domestic currency and exogenous factors that affect how the domestic currency fairs in the forex market. The endogenous analysis will cover fundamental economic factors that drive GDP growth in the UK and the Euro Area. The exogenous factors will analyze the price exchange rate dynamics between the EUR and the GBP.

Ranking Scale

Both the endogenous and the exogenous factors will be ranked on a scale of -10 to +10. A negative ranking for the endogenous factors means that they had a deflationary effect on the domestic currency. A positive ranking implies that they had an inflationary impact. Similarly, a negative score for the exogenous factors means the EUR/GBP is bearish and bullish when the score is positive.

EUR Endogenous Analysis – Summary

The endogenous analysis of the EUR has an overall score of -3. Based on the factors we have analyzed, we can expect that the Euro has marginally depreciated in 2020.

This is a quarterly measurement of the changes in both part-time and full-time employment in the EU. It includes individuals working for profit or pay and those who perform family work unpaid. Changes in employment help put economic growth in perspective since an expanding economy corresponds to increased employment opportunities and a contracting economy leads to job losses.

In the third quarter of 2020, employment in the EU increased by 0.9% compared to the 2.7% drop in Q2. Up to Q3 2020, employment in the EU has dropped by 2.1 %. Based on correlation with GDP, we assign a score of -5.

  • European Union GDP Deflator

The GDP deflator is an in-depth measure of the rate of inflation. It measures the changes in the price levels of all goods and services produced in an economy. Therefore, it is the perfect measure of the changes in real economic activities. i.e., it filters out any nominal changes in price.

In Q3 of 2020, the EU GDP deflator rose to 107.17 from 106.37 in Q2. Cumulatively, the EU GDP deflator in 2020 has increased by 2.45. We assign a score of 3 based on the weak correlation between the inflation rate and GDP.

  • European Union Manufacturing Production

In the EU, manufacturing production accounts for about 80% of the total industrial output. With most EU economies heavily reliant on manufacturing, the sector forms a significant portion of the GDP and the labor market.

In September 2020, the YoY manufacturing production in the EU decreased by 6.1%. This is an improvement from the decline of 6.3% in August. The overall industrial production reduced by 5.8% during the period.

We assign a score of -5 based on its correlation with the GDP.

  • Euro Area Manufacturing PMI

Markit surveys about 3000 manufacturing firms. The Markit manufacturing PMI comprises five indexes: new orders accounting for 30% weight of the index, output 25%, employment 20%, delivery by suppliers 15%, and inventory 10%. The Euro Area manufacturing is seen to be improving when the index is above 50 and contracting when below 50. At 50, the index shows that there is no change in the manufacturing sector.

In November 2020, the IHS Markit Eurozone Manufacturing PMI was 53.8, down from 54.8 registered in October. The October reading was the highest ever recorded in the past two years. Despite the November drop, the manufacturing PMI is still higher than during the pre-pandemic period. We, therefore, assign a score of 5.

  • European Union Retail Sales

Retail Sales measures the change in the value of goods and services purchased by households for final consumption. In the EU, food, drinks, and tobacco contribute to the highest in retail sales – 40%. Furniture and electrical goods account for 11.5%, books and computer equipment 11.4%, clothing and textile 9.2%, fuel 9%, medical and pharmaceuticals 8.9%, non-food products and others 10%.

In October 2020, the MoM EU retail sales increased by 1.5%, while the YoY increased by 4.2%. Based on our correlation analysis with EU GDP, we assign a score of 3.

  • Euro Area Consumer Confidence

The consumer confidence survey in the Euro Area covers about 23,000 households. Their opinions are gauged from issues ranging from economic expectations, financial situation, savings goals, and expenditure plans on households’ goods and services. These responses are aggregated into an index from -100 to 100. Consumer confidence is a leading indicator of household expenditure, which is a primary driver of the GDP.

In November 2020, the Euro Area consumer confidence was -17.6, down from -15.5 in October. It is also the lowest reading since May – primarily because of the new lockdown measures bound to impact the labor market. Based on correlation with GDP, we assign a score of -3.

  • Euro Area Government Debt to GDP

This is meant to gauge whether the government is over-leveraged and if it might run into problems servicing future debt obligations.

The Euro Area Government Debt to GDP dropped from 79.5% in 2018 to 77.6% in 2019. In 2020, it is projected to hit 102% but stabilize around 92% in the long run. Based on correlation with GDP, we assign a score of -1.

In our very next article, we have performed the Endogenous analysis of GBP to see if it has appreciated or depreciated in this year. Make sure to check that and let us know in case of any questions in the comments below. Cheers.

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Forex Course

195. Understanding The U.S. Dollar Index Numbers

Introduction

The U.S. Dollar Index is a measure of the value of the Dollar in respect to foreign currencies as measured by the respective exchange rates. More than half of the index value of the Dollar is measured against the Euro. The British Pound, the Japanese Yen, the Swedish Krona, the Canadian Dollar, and the Swiss Franc. It is a market on its own as well as an indicator of the U.S. dollar strength on a global level. Moreover, it can also be used as the technical analysis to determine trends of various markets.

How Is The US Dollar Index calculated?

Below is the formula to calculate USDX

USDX = 50.14348112 × EUR/USD^(-0.576) × USD/JPY^(0.136) × GBP/USD^(-0.119) × USD/CAD^(0.091) × USD/SEK^(0.042) × USD/CHF^(0.036)

Each currency value is multiplied by its weights. When the U.S. dollar is the base currency, this comes at a positive figure. On the other hand, when the U.S. dollar is used as the quoted currency; then this would come as a negative value. Additionally, pounds and euros are only countries where the U.S. dollar is used as the base currency as they are quoted in respect of the Dollar.

How To Interpret the U.S. Dollar Index?

Similar to any currency pair, there is a dedicated chart of the U.S. Dollar Index (USDX). Additionally, the index is calculated five days a week and 24 hours a day. The U.S. Dollar Index measures the value relative to a 100.000 base.

If the index value stands at 120, this means that the U.S. dollar has witnessed 20% appreciations against other currencies in the basket. This simply implies that the U.S. dollar has strengthened in comparison to other currencies. On the other hand, if the index value shows at 70, this implies a depreciation of 30%

Final Thoughts

The U.S. Dollar Index enables traders to monitor the value of the U.S. dollar in comparison to six currencies within the bracket in a single transaction. Moreover, it also assists them to hedge the bets against risks associated with the Dollar. Investors can use this index to hedge the normal movement of currency or speculate.

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Forex Course

194. Introduction To The US Dollar Index (USDX)

Introduction

The U.S. dollar index is referred to as a measure of the value of the U.S. dollar, which is relative to the value of a series of currencies that are the most important trading partners of the country. The USDX is similar to other forms of trade-weighted indexes that also use the exchange rates from the leading currencies.

U.S. Dollar Index – A Brief History

In the year 1970, the U.S. Dollar Index switched between 80 and 110. This was the time when the U.S. economy was witnessing recession and rising inflation levels. With the Federal Reserve increasing interest rates to cut inflation, money flowed into the U.S. dollar, resulting in a rise in the USD index. In February 1985, the USD Index hit 164.720; this is the highest it has ever been.

However, this caused significant issues for the U.S. exporters whose goods were no longer competitive internationally. Subsequently, strong actions were taken by the U.S. government to make the currency more competitive, with five nations agreeing to manipulate the U.S. dollar in the forex markets.

This made the Dollar Index dropped by 51% over the course of four years. Since that time, the index has tracked the performance of the economy as well as liquidity flows.

Fundamentals of U.S. Dollar Index

This index is presently calculated by factoring in the exchange rates of six leading world currencies, including Euro (EUR), British Pounds (GBP), Canadian Dollar (CAD), Swiss Franc (CHF), Swedish Krona (SEK), and Japanese Yen (JPY). The biggest component of this index is the EUR, which accounts for approximately 58% of the basket. The weights of the rest of the currencies in the index include –

  • GBP (11.9%)
  • JPY (13.6%)
  • SEK (4.2%)
  • CAD (9.1%)
  • CHF (3.6%)

What Impact The Price Of The USD Index?

The USD Index is primarily impacted by the demand for and the supply of the U.S. Dollar. Related currencies of the baskets are also an important factor. These factors impact the price of each pair of currency in the formula that is being used to calculate the value of the U.S. Dollar’s value. The demand and supply of currencies are determined by monetary policies.

In the upcoming course lessons, we will be learning more about the US Dollar index. So, stay tuned. Please take the quiz below before you go. Cheers.

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

NZD/USD Global Macro Analysis – Part 3

NZD/USD Exogenous Analysis

To effectively compare the US and the New Zealand economies, we will conduct exogenous analysis using the following fundamental aspects;

  • The US and New Zealand balance of trade difference
  • GDP growth differential in the US and New Zealand
  • The US and New Zealand interest rate differential

The US and New Zealand balance of trade difference

A country’s participation in international trade tends to determine the demand for its domestic currency. If a country is a net exporter, its currency will be in high demand in the forex market, increasing its value against other currencies.

In October 2020, New Zealand’s trade deficit was NZD 500 million compared to the US trade deficit of $63.1 billion. Although New Zealand’s trade deficit is improving, it is still lower than the balance of trade in January. On the other hand, the US trade deficit has been widening throughout the year. The difference between the two countries’ balance of trade is the trade deficit differential. Based on its correlation with the price of the NZD/USD pair, we assign a score of 4.

GDP growth differential in the US and New Zealand

GDP growth differential is the difference between the rate at which the US and New Zealand economies are expanding. It will help to show which economy is growing at a faster pace hence impacting the exchange rate between the two countries. A country whose GDP is expanding faster will enjoy favorable domestic macroeconomic conditions. Hence its currency will appreciate.

In Q3 of 2020, the New Zealand GDP contracted by 12.2% while that of the US expanded by 33.1%. That represents a GDP growth rate differential of 45.3%. If this trend continues, we should expect that the USD will strengthen against the NZD hence a bearish NZD/USD pair.

Based on our correlation analysis, we assign the GDP growth differential between the US and New Zealand a score of -4.

The US and New Zealand interest rate differential

The interest rate differential is the difference between the prevailing interest rates in New Zealand and the US. The country with a higher interest rate tends to attract more capital, inceasing the value of its currency.

At the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand cut its official cash rate from 1% to 0.25%. During the same period, the US Federal Reserve cut the interest rate from 1.75% to 0.25%. Presently, the interest rate differential in NZD/USD is 0%.

Based on the correlation with the price of the NZD/USD pair, we assign a score of 1.

Conclusion

The NZD/USD pair has an exogenous score of 1. That means we should expect that the pair will continue on a mild bullish trend in the short-term. Note that this trend is also supported by technical analysis.

As seen in the above 1-week chart, the NZD/USD has successfully breached the upper Bollinger band indicating bullish momentum. This supports our fundamental analysis, as well. All the best.

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

NZD/USD Global Macro Analysis – Part 1 & 2

Introduction

The global macro analysis of the NZD/USD pair will involve the endogenous and exogenous analyses of the US and New Zealand economies. The endogenous analysis will focus on domestic macroeconomic factors that drive the economy. The exogenous analysis will focus on economic indicators that comprehensively compare both the US and New Zealand economies.

Ranking Scale

Both the endogenous and exogenous factors will be ranked on a scale of -10 to +10. A negative ranking for the endogenous means that the factor had a negative impact on either the currency, while a positive ranking had a bullish impact on the currency.

Similarly, when the exogenous factor is negative, it has a bearish impact on the currency pair, while a positive ranking means it had a bullish impact.

Summary – USD Endogenous Analysis

From the above table, a clear deflationary effect can be seen on the USD currency and implies that USD has depreciated in its value since the beginning of 2020. For the complete USD Endogenous Analysis, please check here.

Summary – NZD Endogenous Analysis

The NZD endogenous analysis has a total score of 4. This shows that the NZD appreciated in 2020.

  • New Zealand Inflation Rate

The CPI is the most commonly used measure of inflation in New Zealand. Here are the top categories included in the CPI: Housing with a weight of 24.2%; food and non-alcoholic drinks 18.8%; transportation 15%; recreation 9.4%; alcoholic drinks 7%; clothing, household goods and services, health, and education all have a combined weight of 18.2%.

In September 2020, New Zealand CPI increased by 0.7%. Based on the correlation with the GDP, we assign a score of -1.

  • New Zealand Unemployment Rate

This rate shows the number of New Zealand’s working population out of work and actively looking for gainful employment. As an economic indicator, it can be used to show the economy’s ability to add new jobs to the market.

In Q3 of 2020, the New Zealand unemployment rate increased to 5.3% from 4% in Q2. This shows that the labor market is yet to recover from the economic shocks of the coronavirus pandemic. Based on correlation analysis, we assign a score of -5.

  • New Zealand Manufacturing PMI

This is an index that measures the growth in the manufacturing sector in New Zealand. It is a composite of new orders, employment, inventories, and orders delivered from the manufacturing sector. When the index is above 50, it means that the manufacturing sector in New Zealand is expanding. The sector is seen to be contracting when the index is below 50.

In October 2020, the index declined to 51.7 from 54. However, the index is above the pre-coronavirus levels. That implies the manufacturing sector is recovering swiftly. Based on the correlation analysis with GDP, we assign it a score of 3.

  • New Zealand Business Confidence

In any economy, business confidence goes hand-in-hand with business confidence. In New Zealand, the business confidence index is based on a survey of about 700 businesses. The index is the difference between the number of businesses that anticipate economic improvements and those that expect the economic conditions will decline. The index covers export intentions, profit expectations, employment intentions, activity outlook, and capacity utilization.

In November 2020, the ANZ Business Confidence was -6.9 compared to -15.7 in October. Although in the negative territory, the November reading is the highest since September 2017. This shows that more businesses are becoming optimistic about the future operating environment, mostly thanks to the aggressive expansionary monetary and fiscal policies.

Based on correlation analysis with the GDP, we assign ANZ business confidence a score of 4.

  • New Zealand Retail Sales

In New Zealand, retail sales data is aggregated quarterly. It measures the change in the value of goods and services purchased by households. Remember that consumer expenditure is the main driver of economic growth, which makes the retail sales data a leading indicator of GDP growth.

In Q3 of 2020, the New Zealand retail sales increased by 28% from a drop of 14.6% and 1.2% in Q2 and Q1, respectively. The 28% increase is the largest quarterly increase in 25 years. The YoY retail sales increased by 8.3% in Q3 compared to a 14.2% drop in Q2. Based on our correlation analysis, we assign the New Zealand retail sales a score of 6.

  • New Zealand Consumer Confidence

In New Zealand, consumer confidence tends to correlate with households’ willingness to spend in the economy. The Westpac McDermott Miller Consumer Confidence Index gauges the optimist of New Zealand households regarding the economy. The index covers households’ views on their finances, purchases in the economy, and the overall economy.

A score of above 100 shows an increasing level of optimism, while below 100 shows increasing pessimism.

In Q3 of 2020, the New Zealand consumer confidence index dropped to 95.1 from 97.2 in Q2 and 104.2 in Q1. Q3 reading is the lowest in New Zealand since 2008. Based on its correlation with GDP, we assign a score of -4.

  • New Zealand Government Net Debt to GDP

Gross national Debt to GDP helps both local and foreign creditors gauge a country’s ability to service its debt. This indicator shows the level at which the domestic economy is leveraged. A lower ratio is preferable since it means that the country has a higher GDP compared to its debt. This means that it can be able to access cheap debt in the future.

In the 2018/2019 fiscal year, the New Zealand government debt to GDP dropped to 19% from 19.6% in the 2017/2018 fiscal year. In 2020, the New Zealand government debt to GDP is projected to increase to 27% on account of the government’s aggressive spending to ease the economic pressure from the coronavirus pandemic. Based on correlation analysis with GDP, we assign New Zealand government debt to GDP a score of 1.

In the very next article, let’s analyze the exogenous indicators and forecast if this currency pair seems to be bullish or bearish in the near future.

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Forex Course

193. Summary – Carry Trading

Introduction 

Carry trade involves borrowing or selling of an asset that has a low-interest rate, for the purpose of using the fund proceeds to make another investment with a higher rate of interest. By paying a lower rate of interest on assets and collecting a higher interest rate from another asset, traders make a difference in the interest rate.

Currency Carry Trading – How Does It Work?

In currency carry trading, the trader borrows one currency known as the borrowing fund. And, then they use this fund to purchase another currency. The traders pay low-interest rates on the borrowed currency while collecting a higher interest rate on the purchasing currency. This type of trade gives traders an effective alternative to purchasing low and sell high, which is difficult to do on other trading options. AUD/JPY and NZD/JPY are the most common currency pairs to carry trade.

Opportunities & Risks Involved

The most profitable time to perform a carry trade is when the country’s central banks are increasing or about to raise the interest rate. Low volatility situations are also profitable for these trades as traders are more likely to take more risks. Granted that the value of the currency does not fall, traders are likely to get a good amount.

There is a big risk associated with currency carry trading, primarily because of the uncertainties associated with the exchange rate. When high leverage levels are used in this trade, it implies that even small movement in the exchange rates can result in a substantial loss if the traders fail to hedge their positions properly.

Risk Management 

While lucrative, carry trading comes with its own share of risks. This is because currencies are prone to volatility. Moreover, the negative market sentiment of the traders within the currency market can also have a substantial impact on carry pair currencies. Without improper risk management, traders could end up bearing a high degree of risk. The best way to avoid risk in a carry trade is when the market sentiment and fundamentals support them.

Final Thoughts

If you are looking to invest in a carry trading, the first steps are to select the most lucrative broker vs currency pair combination. The charges of brokers vary significantly across various currencies. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the trade offers an effective risk-adjusted return. Cheers.

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Forex Basic Strategies

The Most Reliable 5-Minute Forex Scalping Strategy

Introduction

Scalping is a type of trading that involves placing many trades in a single day to profit from minor price changes in the Forex market. Traders who use this strategy are known as scalpers. It is crucial to have a robust exit strategy for scalpers to earn large gains from small market moves.

Scalping strategies are mostly applied to the intraday markets, and the trade holding duration can vary from a few seconds to minutes. For novice Forex traders, this type of trading is not recommended as scalping involves a fast-paced activity that requires precision in timing and execution.

We must always use a smaller timeframe such as a 5-min or 1-min for scalping the Forex market. We can use various reliable indicators for scalping, but in this article, we’ll learn how to scalp the 5-minute timeframe using Bollinger Bands.

Why Bollinger Bands?

Bollinger Bands is a technical analysis tool that was developed by John Bollinger. This indicator is composed of three lines as follows – A Simple Moving Average, which is the Middle band, the Upper Band & the Lower Band. The usage of Bollinger Bands indicator goes like this – the closer the price action moves to the upper band, the more overbought the market. Likewise, the closer the price moves to the lower band, the more oversold the market. The bands in this indicator widen and contract based on the market volatility. They expand when the market activity is increased and contract in choppy or less volatile markets. Let’s use this indicator in the 5-min timeframe to identify potential trading opportunities.

Scalp Trading With Bollinger Bands

We must go long when the price hits the lower band and look out for short-selling opportunities when prices hit the upper band. This is the traditional way of trading the market using Bollinger bands which is still being used by scalp traders across the world. The reason why this strategy is famous is because of its ease of usage and its ability to milk quick buck from the market.

Scalping Ranges – Example 1

In the below price chart, you can see that we have taken five buying and four selling trades in the EUR/NZD Forex pair. In this example, we have applied this strategy in a ranging market. When the price approached the support line, and when it also hit the upper Bollinger band, it is an indication for us to go long. Similarly, when the price goes near the resistance line in a range, it is an indication for us to close our long positions and look for selling opportunities.

By doing this, we have been continuously engaged in the market and made some consistent profits overall.

Example 2

Below is another example of scalp trading the Forex market when it is in the consolidation phase. Typically in a range, both the parties have equal strength. Also, it is a known fact that it is comparatively hard to trade the consolidation markets than the ranging markets. However, using this strategy, we have managed to take five buying and three selling trades in the GBPJPY Forex pair.

Scalpers typically go long or short when the price approaches the upper or lower range lines. This is the right approach, but by pairing that strategy with an indicator like Bollinger band can drastically increase the probability of those trades. The USP of the Bollinger band indicator is that it works well in all the types of market situations. It really doesn’t matter whether you scalp the ranges, channels, or even trends; this strategy will always provide reliable trading opportunities.

Example 3

In the below price chart, the price was dragging towards the upside, indicating a buying momentum, but it ended up forming a channel. In a channel, both parties hold equal power and us being scalpers; it is easy to make money from both sides. Below we can notice that if we go either long or short, we can make an equal amount of money if we are right. This is the major benefit of using Bollinger bands in channel conditions.

Scalping Trends – Example 1

Below is the price chart of the AUD/JPY currency pair in an uptrend. As you can see, during the pullback phase, the market gave us the first buy trade. When the price action approached the upper Bollinger band, the price immediately moved in the opposite direction. As a scalper, prepare your mind for these kinds of quick moves. Follow the rules of the strategy to the point, and if any trade goes three to four pips against you, immediately exit and wait for the next opportunity.

Our third buy trade also performed, but it didn’t go for bigger targets. Instead, the price action immediately reversed, which end up generating a sell signal. The next buy trade was also ended u with minor profits. For scalpers, even a profit of 8 to 10 pips can be considered good in a single trade.

Example 2

Below is an example of buying and selling trades in an uptrend in the AUD/JPY pair. We are saying this pair is an uptrend after analyzing its higher time frame. In the lower timeframe, the market may seem to be ranging, but since we know that this pair is up-trending overall, we must consider buying opportunities over sell signals.

The markets gave us five buying and three selling trades in this pair. Even though we have identifies many sell signals, we recommend not to enter those unless you have confirmation. Always remember that trend is your friend and trade according to the trend. This is the essence of scalp trading the trending markets. Therefore, when scalping trends, always go for bigger targets by following the trend. Also, expect less accuracy on counter-trend trades.

Conclusion

It requires a lot of practice to master scalping. Since the time frame is small, you must be quick in everything you do while scalping. Also, talking additional confirmations is not possible in this form of trading because of its swift nature. Please practice these strategies on a demo account before you apply them on the live markets. All the best. Cheers!

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

USD/CHF Global Macro Analysis – Part 3

USD/CHF Exogenous Analysis

The exogenous analysis covers fundamental indicators that can compare the performance of the US and Swiss economies. Note that this comparison between the two economies is what drives the exchange rate of USD/CHF. They are:

  • US and Swiss interest rate differential
  • The difference in the GDP growth in the US and Switzerland
  • Balance of trade differential

Balance of trade differential

For each country, the balance of trade shows the demand for the domestic currency in the international market. When a country has a surplus of the balance of trade, it means that its currency is in high demand in international trade. The rationale behind this is that when a country exports more than it imports, other countries will need more of that country’s currency to participate in international trade.

The balance of trade differential measures the difference between the balance of trade in Switzerland and the US. If the Swiss balance of trade is higher than that of the US, the USD/CHF pair will be bearish.

In October 2020, Switzerland had a trade surplus of CHF 2.9 billion while the US a deficit of $63.1 billion. Throughout 2020, the US trade deficit has been widening from $37 billion in January, while the Swiss trade surplus has increased from CHF 2.8 billion.

Based on the correlation with the USD/CHF pair, we assign the balance of trade differential a score of -5.

US and Switzerland interest rate differential

Typically, the country with a higher interest rate attracts more foreign capital seeking superior returns. A higher interest rate increases the domestic currency demand, which makes it appreciate in the forex market. More so, forex traders tend to be bullish on the currency with the higher interest rate.

The interest rate by The Swiss National Bank is -0.75% since January 2015. In the US, the federal funds rate is 0.25%. That makes the interest rate differential 1% for the USD/CHF pair.

Based on the correlation analysis with the USD/CHF pair, we assign the interest rate differential a score of 3.

The difference in the GDP growth in the US and Switzerland

A country’s GDP is primarily driven by domestic consumption. Although the GDP size differs in absolute terms, we can compare the US and Swiss GDP in terms of growth rate. An expanding economy is accompanied by appreciating currency. Therefore, if the US growth rate is higher than Switzerland’s, we can expect a bullish trend for the USD/CHF pair.

In Q3 of 2020, the Swiss economy expanded by 7.2% and the US by 33.1%. It means that the US economy is recovering faster than that of Switzerland. We, therefore, assign a score of 2. This implies that the GDP growth rate differential between the US and Switzerland has led to a bullish USD/CHF.

Conclusion

The USD/CHF pair has an exogenous score of -2. This implies that we can expect the pair to continue with its current bearish trend in the near future.

Note that the USD/CHF pair has breached the lower Bollinger band. Therefore, we can expect the downtrend to continue for a while, which supports our fundamental analysis. All the best.

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

USD/CHF Global Macro Analysis – Part 1 & 2

Introduction

When conducting the global macroeconomic analysis, endogenous and exogenous factors are considered. These analyses can be used to explain the price dynamic of a currency pair. In this case, we will analyze the endogenous factors that drive the economy in the US and Switzerland. We will also analyze the exogenous factors that primarily drives the price of the USD/CHF pair.

Ranking Scale

A sliding scale from -10 to +10 will be sued to ranks the impact of the individual endogenous and exogenous factors on the currency. A negative ranking for the endogenous factors means that they had a depreciating impact on the individual currencies, while a positive ranking means they resulted in currency appreciating.

Similarly, a negative ranking for the exogenous factors implies that they’ve had a bearish impact on the currency pair, while a positive ranking means they’ve had a bullish impact.

Summary of USD Endogenous Analysis

From the above table, we can see a clear deflationary effect on the USD currency and implies that it has depreciated in its value since the beginning of the year. You can find the complete USD Endogenous Analysis here.

Summary of CHF Endogenous Analysis

Overall, the endogenous analysis of CHF has a score of -5. That implies that the CHF is expected to have depreciated marginally in 2020.

  • Switzerland Inflation Rate

The rate of inflation is used to measure the changes in the price of consumer goods in Switzerland over a specified period – usually monthly or yearly. Here are the components of the CPI in Switzerland: Housing and energy, which accounts for 25% of the total CPI weight; 16% for healthcare; Transport accounts for 11%; Food and non-alcoholic drinks 11%; hotel and restaurant services 8%; 4% for Household goods and services; and clothing 3%. Education, communication services, and alcoholic beverages cumulatively account for 7% of the total CPI weight.

In November 2020, the YoY CPI in Switzerland dropped by 0.7%, while the MoM CPI dropped by 0.2%. The fall in prices of the hotel and holiday packages contributed to the drop in the inflation rate. The Switzerland CPI is at the lowest point since January 2018.

Based on our correlation analysis, we assign the Switzerland rate of inflation a score of -3.

  • Switzerland Unemployment Rate

This economic indicator shows the percentage of the total Swiss labor force that is actively seeking a job. Note that not all unemployed portion of the working-age population are seeking employment; so, they are not captured by the unemployment rate.

The unemployment rate can also be used to show the rate at which the economy is adding or cutting job opportunities. This can be used to show economic growth.

In October 2020, the Swiss unemployment rate was 3.2%, down from highs of 3.4% in May, while the employment rate in Q3 2020 was 79.7%. Although it is higher than the 79.1% registered in Q2, it is still significantly lower than the pre-pandemic rate of 80.4%.

The Swiss unemployment rate has a high correlation with the GDP, but since it only increased marginally, we assign it a score of -2.

  • Switzerland Manufacturing PMI

The Swiss procure.ch Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index surveys the executives in the manufacturing sector. The index is a measure of the Swiss manufacturing sector’s performance and serves as a leading indicator for business expectations.

The Manufacturing PMI is an aggregate of five components: new orders, which a weight of  30%, output 25%, employment 20%, supplies 15%, and inventory 10%. The manufacturing sector is expected to expand when the index is above 50 and contract when the index is below 50.

In November 2020, the Swiss procure.ch Manufacturing PMI increased to 55.2, the highest since December 2018. Based on the correlation analysis with the GDP, we assign a score of 7 since it shows a robust expansion.

The Swiss services industry employs over 60% of the working population and accounts for 73% of Switzerland’s GDP. This makes the services PMI a crucial indicator of the overall economy. The Services PMI is obtained through a comprehensive survey of 300 purchasing managers in the services sector to evaluate the changes in business activities.

The survey covers areas such as customer new orders, purchasing, and sales prices, and changes in the employment level.

In November 2020, the Swiss services PMI dropped to 48 from 50.4 in October, primarily attributed to new orders’ contraction. Although it is almost double the 21.4 recorded in April, it is still lower than the 57.3 recorded in January 2020. We, therefore, assign it a score of -4.

  • Switzerland Consumer Confidence

In Switzerland, consumer confidence is used to evaluate households’ opinion on the overall economy and their financial position. Typically, consumer confidence is higher when there is high GDP growth, and the unemployment rate is low.

In the fourth quarter of 2020, the Swiss consumer confidence was -12.8, better than Q2 -39.3. Consumer confidence is used to show the likelihood of how much households will spend in the economy. Hence we assign it a score of -2.

  • Switzerland Government Gross Debt to GDP

The Swiss government debt is the totality of the government’s amount owed to both domestic and foreign lenders. This debt is expressed as a percentage of the GDP o help determine the indebtedness of the economy. Lenders also use this metric to determine if there is a possibility of default by the government. Typically, government debt that is less than 60% of the economy is considered ideal.

In 2019, Switzerland’s government gross debt to GDP was 41%, and it’s projected to hit 49% in 2020 due to increased government expenditure to curb the economic slowdown brought about by the coronavirus pandemic. However, the Swiss government’s gross debt to GDP has been steadily declining since 2004, averaging at around 37%. Based on our correlation analysis and the fact that it has marginally increased in 2020, we assign a score of -1.

Now we know that both USD and CHF have depreciated according to their respective endogenous indicators. Please check our next article to know if this pair is expected to be bullish or bearish in the near future according to their exogenous indicators. Cheers.

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Forex Course

192. Criteria To Carry Trade The Forex Market and Risks Involved

Introduction

In the previous lesson, we discussed instances when a carry can work, and when it’s bound to fail. But, having this knowledge won’t be of much help if you do not know the best criteria for a currency carry trade and the risks involved.

Criteria to Carry Trade

There are two basic criteria to carry trade the Forex market profitably.

The interest rate differential between two currency pairs needs to be high with no prospects of reducing in the near term.

The currency pair that we choose has to be on a bullish trend in favor of the currency with the higher interest rate. The reason for this is to ensure you can remain bullish on the high yielding currency and profit from the interest rate differential for the longest possible time.

Let’s take the example of the AUD/JPY pair. Japan’s interest rate has remained at -0.1%, while in Australia was held at 0.25%. That means the interest rate differential between the AUD/JPY pair has been 0.35%. Therefore, if you were to borrow and sell the JPY to buy the AUD, you’d expect a pay-out of 0.35%. Note that this is the same as going long on the AUD/JPY pair.

In this scenario, going long on AUD/JPY from March 2020 to October 2020 would have earned you over 900 pips. At the same time, you’d be earning an interest rate differential of 0.35%.

Risks Involved In Carry Trading

So far, a carry trade sounds like a risk-free strategy. But, like any other investment, the carry trade has its fair amount of risks – especially when leverage is involved.

Remember, in the previous lesson, we mentioned two conditions for a carry trade to thrive. First, there had to be low volatility in the market. The reason for this is to ensure that your open position is not wiped out due to currency fluctuations before you reap the profits of interest rate differential. Note that using trailing stop orders can help mitigate the risk of price fluctuations in the forex market.

The second condition for a carry trade to thrive was the stable economic conditions that might encourage the hiking of interest rates. If the economic climate is full of uncertainties, like with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, central banks are more likely to cut interest rates than hike them. Therefore, if extreme interest rate cuts occur while you are in a currency carry trade, it could result in losses. 

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Forex Course

191. Carry Trading Doesn’t Work All The Time!

Introduction 

Now that you understand what a carry trade is in the forex market, the next logical step is to show you when this strategy works and when it fails. We already know that the carry trade entirely depends on interest rates between two countries.

Let’s take the USD/JPY pair. The interest rate in Japan is -0.1%, and that in the US it is 0.25%. So, if you were to borrow and sell the JPY to buy the USD, your interest rate differential would be = 0.25 – (-0.1) = 0.35%.

In this case, you’d expect profits of 0.35%. By now, we already know that forex traders always anticipate the monetary policy actions of central banks.

When do Carry Trades Work?

There two main instances when carry trades become popular:

Firstly, it is during periods of low volatility. When there are minimal price fluctuations, traders may be induced to take on more risks to increase their profits – carry trade. In this case, provided the value of the currency doesn’t fall, the rollover earned is a good incentive.

Secondly, it’s when traders anticipate that central banks will raise interest rates. In this instance, traders will anticipate that the interest rate differential will increase, as will the pay-out.

When Do Carry Trades Not Work?

We’ve already established that for a carry trade to be effective, the interest rate differential needs to be high or increasing. That means that one country should be increasing its interest rate while another decreasing.

Similarly, the country with the lower interest rate should be decreasing while the one with the higher interest rate remains constant. Another scenario could be if the country with the lower interest rate remains constant while the one with the higher interest rate increases. If you find all this confusing, let’s explain using an example.

Economic indicators in the US points towards higher possibilities of a recession. Say the unemployment levels are increasing, manufacturing is falling, GDP is contracting, and retail sales are nose-diving.

Forex traders can anticipate that the Federal Reserve will cut interest rates to stimulate the economy. In this case, the USD will be considered a high-risk currency since investors will have a higher aversion towards it. Now, instead of purchasing the USD, investors will opt for other currencies with a more stable outlook.  The logic behind this is that the interest rate differential has reduced or is expected to reduce vis-a-vis USD/JPY.

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

AUD/USD Global Macro Analysis – Part 3

AUD/USD Exogenous Analysis

In the exogenous analysis, we will compare the differentials in the US and the Australian economies at an international level. We will use:

  • The differential in GDP growth in the US and Australia
  • The US and Australian interest rate differential
  • The differential in the US and Australian balance of trade

The differential in GDP growth in the US and Australia

Domestically, the value of USD and AUD are pushed by the changes in the macroeconomic factors that drive GDP growth. The dynamic of the AUD/USD exchange rate is affected by the difference in the GDP growth rate. The country with a faster GDP growth will see its currency appreciate more than the one with slower growth.

In Q3 of 2020, the Australian GDP increased by 3.3% compared to the 7% drop in Q2. The US economy expanded by 33.1% in Q3 2020 compared to a 31.4% drop in Q2. In the first three quarters, the US economy has contracted by 3.3% while the Australian economy has contracted by 4%. Therefore, the GDP growth differential between Australia and the US is -0.7%. Based on the correlation analysis with the AUD/USD pair, we assign a score of -2.

The US and Australian interest rate differential

This measures the difference between the interest rate set by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and the US Federal Reserve. In the forex market, carry traders tend to be bullish when a currency pair has a positive interest rate differential and bearish when it is negative. That is because more investor funds flow towards the country with a higher interest rate.

At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the RBA cut interest rates from 0.75% to 0.1%, while the Federal Reserve cut interest rates from 1.75% to 0.25%. That makes the interest rate differential for the AUD/USD pair -0.15%. Based on correlation analysis with the exchange rate for the AUD/USD pair, we assign a score of -2.

The differential in the US and Australian balance of trade

The difference between the balance of trade for Australia and the US will help determine which currency is in higher demand in international trade. Note that increased demand in the forex market also increases the value of that currency.

In October 2020, Australia’s trade surplus increased to AUD 7.46 billion compared to 5.82 billion in September. However, it is still lower than the highest recorded AUD 9.62 billion surpluses in March. The US had a trade deficit of $63.1 billion in October, which has been expanding since January. The balance of trade differential is $68.633 billion between Australia and the US. Based on the correlation with the AUD/USD exchange rate, we assign a score of 6.

Conclusion

The exogenous score for the AUD/USD pair is 2. It means that we can expect that the pair will be on a bullish trend in the short-term.

In technical analysis, the short-term bullish trend is supported by the fact that the pair is trading above the 200-period MA and breaching the upper Bollinger Band. Cheers!

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

AUD/USD Global Macro Analysis – Part 1 & 2

Introduction

In the global macro analysis of the AUD/USD pair, we will look at the endogenous economic factors that drive GDP growth in both Australia and the US. We’ll also analyze the exogenous factors that affect the exchange rate dynamic between the AUD and the USD.

Ranking Scale

We will use a sliding scale from -10 to +10 to rank the impact of the endogenous and exogenous factors. When the endogenous factors are negative, it means that they resulted in the depreciation of either the USD or the AUD. When positive, it implies they resulted in the appreciation of the individual currencies. Similarly, negative endogenous factors result in a bearish trend for the AUD/USD and a bullish trend for when they are positive.

USD Endogenous Analysis – Summary

A -19.1 score on Endogenous analysis on USD implies a deflationary effect on this currency. It means that the US Dollar has lost its value since the starting of 2020.

You can find the complete USD Endogenous Analysis here.

AUD Endogenous Analysis – Summary

The endogenous factors have an overall score of 3, implying that the AUD has appreciated in 2020.

  1. Australia Inflation Rate

The consumer price index in Australia is calculated quarterly. Housing accounts for 22.3% of the total CPI weight, food and non–alcoholic drinks 16.8%, recreation 12.6%, transportation 11.6%, household goods and services 9.1%, alcohol and tobacco 7.1%, healthcare 5.3%, financial service 5.1%, clothing, education and communication 10.2%.

In Q3 of 2020, the YoY Australian CPI increased by 0.7% from a drop of 0.3% in Q2. The QoQ CPI rose by 1.6% compared to 1.9$ in Q2. Note that the Q3 CPI is marginally lower than in the pre-pandemic levels in Q1. Based on inflation’s correlation with GDP growth, we assign a score of -1.

  1. Australia Unemployment Rate

The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is actively looking for employment opportunities. The unemployment rate can be used to show the state of the economy. When high, it means that the economy is shedding jobs faster and can be said to be contracting.

In October 2020, the Australian unemployment rate was 7% up from 6.9% in September. The increase in the Australian unemployment rate can be attributed to the prolonged COVID-19 crisis. Note that during the period, the employment rate increased to 61.2% from 60.4% in September. This was mainly driven by the surge in full-time, part-time job numbers coupled with a drop in the underemployment rate to 10.4% from 11.4% in September.

From January to date, the unemployment rate has increased by 1.7% while the employment rate has dropped by 1.4%. Based on its correlation with GDP, we assign a score of -5.

  1. Australia Mining Production

The Australian economy significantly relies on mining, which accounts for up to 11% of the GDP. Australia is among the top producers of precious metals in the world. Therefore, a significant portion of the labor market is dependent on the mining sector.

The YoY mining production increased by 1.2% in the second quarter of 2020, down from a 5.1% increase in Q1. In Q3, it is projected to increase by at least 2.5% and 5% by the end of 2020. This would mean that the end of year levels would be equivalent to the pre-pandemic levels.

Based on our correlation analysis, we assign Australia mining production a score of -3.

  1. Australia Business Confidence

The National Australia Bank (NAB) surveys about 350 leading companies in Australia to establish the prevailing business conditions. Typically, the present business sentiment can be used as a leading indicator of future business activities such as hiring, spending, and investments. We can say that business confidence is a leading indicator of GDP change.

Reading above 0 shows that business conditions are improving, while below 0 shows that business conditions are worsening.

In October 2020, Australian business conditions improved to 5 from -4 in September. The October reading is the highest since August 2019. The increase was primarily driven by improvement in sentiment profitability and employment in the mining and transportation sectors.

Based on correlation with GDP, we assign a score of 8.

  1. Australia Consumer Confidence

The Melbourne Institute and Westpac Bank aggregate consumer confidence in Australia. The survey 1200 households representative of the entire households in Australia. The index is based on the five year average of these components: anticipated economic conditions, personal finances, and purchase of essential household goods. Consumer confidence is a leading indicator of consumer expenditure, which is a significant driver of the GDP.

In November 2020, the Australian consumer confidence increased to 107.7 from 105 in October. This is the highest level in 7 years, indicating that consumers are highly optimistic about the future despite the COVID-19 challenges.

Based on correlation analysis with the Australian GDP, we assign it a score of 5.

  1. Australia Government Debt to GDP

This measures the levels of indebtedness of the Australian government. Domestic and foreign lenders use this ratio to estimate the ability of the government to service its debts without straining the growth of the economy. Generally, a ratio of below 60% is considered to be ideal.

In 2019, the government debt to GDP in Australia jumped to 45.1% from 41.5% in 2018. In 2020, it is projected to reach 50%. Therefore, we assign a score of -3.

  1. Australia Retail Sales

The change in retail sales shows the trend in household expenditure on final goods and services in the economy. An increased expenditure corresponds to an increase in GDP levels.

In October 2020, the MoM retail sales increased by 1.4% compared to a 1.1% drop in September. Based on the correlation with the GDP growth rate, we assign a score of 2.

Now we know that USD has depreciated and AUD has appreciated according to their respective endogenous indicators. In the very next article, let’s see if this pair is bullish or bearish according to the exogenous indicators.

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Forex Course

190 – Introduction To Carry Trading The Forex Market

Introduction 

When it comes to forex trading, we have so far covered how you can make money by taking advantage of price fluctuations. What, then, do you do when the price of a currency pair remains relatively stable for extended periods? Certainly not nothing! You carry trade.

In the financial market, carry trade means borrowing a financial asset with a low-interest rate, sell it, and purchase another one that pays a higher interest rate. That means the cost of borrowing (lower interest rate) is lower than the proceeds (higher interest rate). In this case, the profits you earn is the difference between the two interest rates, also known as interest rate differential.

For us to explain how the carry trade works, we first need to explain how the interest rate in the financial market works.

Carry Trade Example

Say you go to a bank and take a loan at an interest rate of 2% per annum. If the loan amount is, say, $2000, the interest charged per year would be:

= 2/100 * 20000 = $400

Now, instead of putting the money under a mattress, you decide to buy a corporate bond, which in total, pays a yearly interest rate of 10%. This means that at the end of one year, you should expect interest income of:

= 10/100 * 20000 = $2000

In this scenario, you have earned $2000. Remember, the borrowing cost was $400, which means you have a profit of $1600. In other words, you have earned an 8% in terms of interest rate differential.

If that doesn’t sound like much money, let’s see how you feel when we apply leverage to the borrowing.

Leveraged Carry Trade Example

Say you have a stock portfolio worth $20,000 and put this up collateral for a $2,000,000 loan with an annual interest rate of 2%.

You take this money and invest in another financial asset that pays an annual interest rate of 10%. In this scenario, the interest rate differential is still 8%. How about your profit?

= 8/100 * 2,000,000 = $160,000

With collateral of $20,000, you have made a profit of $160,000. That is an equivalent of 800% return.

Currency Carry Trade

In the forex market, if you let your position stay overnight, you will be charged a rollover fee. The rollover fee is the interest rate differential between the two currencies in the currency pair. Your account will be debited or credited accordingly, depending on whether the interest rate differential is positive or negative.

Stay tuned to learn more about Carry Trading in our upcoming articles.

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Forex Course

189. Summary – Trading The News

What did we learn till now? 

Sometimes in the forex market, the movement of prices seems random. In the previous series of courses, we have shown that most of the randomness you observe can be explained. By now, you should be capable of identifying the various news releases published daily. You should also be able to determine which currency pairs the news release is likely to impact.

In this final course, we’ll recap all that we have learned so far.

When it comes to news trading, a forex trader can either have a directional bias to trading or have a non-directional bias. For directionally biased traders, they have to:

  • Familiarise themselves with the economic calendar to know when economic indicators are scheduled for release
  • Understand the impact that each indicator might have and which currency pairs are best to trade
  • Understand that the analysts’ consensus or expectations are what determines if the news release is negative, positive, or in-line
  • Know which news releases to avoid trading

On the other hand, forex traders who have a non-directional bias do not necessarily need to familiarise themselves with these conditions. Such traders only need to know two things.

  • The scheduled release of economic indicators, speeches by influential people, and significant geopolitical events
  • Whether the upcoming event is of a high or low impact

Traders with a non-directional bias only concern themselves with the magnitude of the price movement after an event – not the direction. That is why they adopt the straddle strategy.

The straddle strategy uses forex stop orders, which triggers long or short positions if the market significantly moves in either direction. The buy stop order will trigger a long trade if the news release results in a bullish market. With the sell stop order, s short sell will be executed if the news release results in a bear market.

Remember to be careful when trading the news. Always keep an eye on the prevailing macroeconomic trends and geopolitical events. The overall market sentiment can sometimes amplify or dampen the impact of a news release.

If, for example, moments before the release of UK manufacturing data, the market receives news that the ongoing Brexit negotiations have hit a snag. If the manufacturing data is positive, its impact on the market will be dampened; if the release is negative, its impact will be magnified. All the best.

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

USD/JPY Global Macro Analysis – Part 3

USD/JPY Exogenous Analysis

In the exogenous analysis, we will analyze economic indicators that exhaustively compare the performance of the US and the Japanese economies. These factors impact the dynamic of the USD/JPY pair in the forex market. They include:

  • US and Japan interest rate differential
  • The difference in the GDP growth in the US and Japan
  • Balance of trade

US and Japan interest rate differential

The interest rate differential is the difference between the interest rate in the US and that of Japan. Investors would prefer to invest their funds in a country that offers higher returns. Furthermore, carry traders are often bullish on the currency with a higher interest, which ensures that they earn higher yields.

The Bank of Japan has kept the interest rates at -0.1% since 2016. The current federal funds rate in the US is 0.25%. Thus, the interest rate differential for the USD/JPY is 0.35%. Since there are no foreseeable changes in the interest rates in either country, we assign it an inflationary score of 2.

Balance of trade

Balance of trade determines whether a country has a trade surplus or deficit in international trade. A trade surplus results from a country’s exports being of higher value than that of its imports. A deficit occurs when the imports are of higher value than exports. Japan mostly exports machinery and electronics, which puts it at a significant advantage due to the value of these goods. On the other hand, the US is a net importer.

In October 2020, japan has a trade surplus of ¥872.9 billion, which has been steadily increasing since June. The US has a trade deficit of $63.9 billion, which has been growing throughout the year.

The balance of trade differential between the US and Japan has been widening in favor of Japan. Based on our correlation analysis with the USD/JPY, we assign it a score of -6. It means that if this trend persists, we expect the USD/JPY to be bullish in the near term.

The difference in the GDP growth in the US and Japan

Although the US has a higher GDP than Japan, we can compare the two economies based on their growth rates.

The US economy had a GDP growth rate of 33.1% in Q3 2020, while Japan’s economy expanded by only 5%. The US economy is seen to be expanding at a faster pace than that of Japan. Based on the correlation with the price of the USD/JPY pair, we assign an inflationary score of 2. This means that we should expect a bullish trend on the USD/JPY pair if the US economy keeps expanding faster than that of Japan.

Conclusion

The total score from the exogenous analysis of the USD/JPY pair is -2. This implies that in the near term, we should expect a bearish trend in the pair.

Technical analysis of the USD/JPY pair shows that the weekly chart is still trading way below the 200-period MA. Furthermore, the pair has failed to successfully breach the middle Bollinger band, which has served as its resistance level. All the best!

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

USD/JPY Global Macro Analysis – Part 1 & 2

Introduction

Global macro analysis of the USD/JPY pair involves the analysis of endogenous factors that impact both the USD and the JPY; and exogenous analysis for the USD/JPY pair.

In the endogenous analysis, we’ll focus on domestic macroeconomic factors that drive the domestic growth in the US and Japan. The exogenous analysis will involve the analysis of global macroeconomic factors that define the dynamics of the USD/JPY pair.

Ranking Scale

We will rank both the endogenous and the exogenous factors on a sliding scale of -10 to +10. Whenever the ranking is negative, it means that the macroeconomic indicator led to the depreciation of the currency. A positive ranking means that the indicator had an inflationary impact.

USD Endogenous Analysis – Summary

A score of -19.1 implies a clear deflationary effect on the US Dollar. This means that USD has lost its value since the beginning of 2020, according to these indicators.

You can find the complete USD Endogenous Analysis here.

JPY Endogenous Analysis – Summary

The endogenous analysis for the Japanese economy resulted in an overall inflationary score of 3. Based on this analysis, we can expect that the JPY had appreciated marginally in 2020.

  • Japan Inflation Rate

The inflation rate in Japan is measured by the consumer price index  (CPI). The CPI weights various consumer expenditures depending on their level of importance. Food is weighted at 25%, Housing 21%, transport and communication 14%, recreation 11.5%, energy and water 7%,  medical care 4.3%, and clothing 4%.

A higher rate of inflation is necessary for economic growth. It also forestalls a possible interest rate hike, which is accompanied by currency appreciation.

In October 2020, the MoM inflation rate in Japan decreased by 0.1% constant change since August. The YoY inflation rate decline by 0.4%, the first decline in about four years.

Based on our correlation analysis, we assign Japan’s inflation rate, a deflationary score of -2.

  • Japan Unemployment Rate

The unemployment rate measures the number of Japanese citizens eligible for employment who are currently seeking gainful employment opportunities.

An increasing rate of unemployment means that more jobs are lost in the economy faster than new jobs are being created. That’s an indicator that the economy is contracting.

In October 2020, Japan’s unemployment rate increased to 3.1%, representing 21.4 million people, the highest recorded since May 2017.

Due to the high correlation between the unemployment rate and GDP, we assign it a score of -5.

  • Japan Manufacturing PMI

The Japan manufacturing PMI is also known as the Jibun Bank Japan Manufacturing PMI. The PMI is compiled through a series of monthly questionnaires surveying about 400 manufacturers. The manufacturers are segregated depending on their industry’s contribution to GDP, and their responses aggregated into a diffusion index. When the index is above 50, it means that the manufacturing activity increased while a below 50 reading implies a slow-down in the manufacturing sector.

Japan is a highly industrialized economy, and its manufacturing activities have a high correlation with its GDP growth rate.

In November 2020, the Japan Manufacturing PMI was 49, inching closer to the highest recorded 49.3 in January. Since the manufacturing PMI has been steadily increasing from the lows of 38.4 in May, we assign it an inflationary score of 6.

This PMI is also known as Jibun Bank Japan Services PMI. It is a survey of over 400 services companies operating in the Japanese services industry. A Survey of the purchasing managers is used to track industry changes in employment, inventories, sales, and prices. Sectors covered by the survey include transport and communication, personal services, financial services, hotel industry, and IT. The responses are weighted based on the sector’s size and aggregated into an index from 0 to 100.

When the index is above 50, it signals that there is an expansion in the services industry, while below 50 shows contraction.

In November 2020, the Japan services PMI dropped to 46.7 from 47.7 in October. Although the index is above the lows of 21.5 recorded at the height of the coronavirus pandemic, it is still lower than the levels observed in the pre-pandemic period.

Based on our correlation analysis, we assign Japan services PMI an inflationary score of 2.

  • Japan Retail sales

The monthly retail sales measure the change in the value of goods consumed directly by households. In any economy, the growth in GDP is primarily driven by the demand by households. Thus, retail sales can be considered a significant indicator of economic growth.

In October 2020, the MoM retail sales in Japan increased by 0.4%, while YoY retail sales increased by 6.4%. The increase in October is the first time the YoY retail sales have increased since February. This shows demand in the Japanese economy is growing after the easing restrictions implemented in the wake of the pandemic.

Due to its high correlation with the GDP, we assign Japan retail sales an inflationary score of 5.

  • Japan General Government Gross Debt to GDP

This is the ratio between the amount of debt, both domestic and foreign, that the Japanese government has accumulated to national GDP. Typically, lenders use this ratio to determine if a country’s economy is overly leveraged and if the government might default in the future.

Note that Japan has the largest national debt to GDP in the world. However, although it is heavily indebted, unlike many other countries, Japanese debt is denominated in Yen. More so, foreigners only hold about 6.5% of the total debt. That is why Japan can continue to accumulate such massive debts without any fears of hyperinflation or default risks. But that doesn’t mean that the debt isn’t weighing down on the economy.

In 2019, the Japan national debt to GDP was 238%, an increase from 236.6% in 2018. In 2020, it is projected to exceed 240% due to the measures implemented to fight the pandemic. Based on our correlation analysis, we assign it a deflationary score of -3.

Please check our next article to find the Exogenous analysis of both USD and JPY currencies. We have also come to a conclusion on whether you should expect a bullish or bearish trend in this pair.

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Forex Course

188. Straddle Trading Strategy – An Efficient Way To Trade The News

Introduction 

In the previous lesson, we covered how you can make money if you knew the direction the market was going to move. In this lesson, we will show you how you can make money if you have no idea about the direction the market is going to move.

When there is high volatility in the market, especially as a result of a news release, it is possible to achieve this. Note that this strategy is different from trading with a directional bias.

Let’s break it down!

Firstly, you have to aware of an upcoming high-impact news release. Unlike trading with a directional bias, you don’t have to familiarise yourself with the direction the news will move the market. All you have to know is that the market will significantly move.

Let’s say, for example, that a news release is scheduled for 8.30 AM. Using the 5-minute timeframe, observe the trend for the past 30 minutes and establish the support and resistance levels. You will use these levels to set a buy stop and sell stop order.

With the buy stop orders, if the price breaks above the resistance level, a long order will be triggered. In the sell stop order, if the price breaks below the support level, a sell order will be triggered. Let’s use the news release of the US unemployment rate on October 2, 2020, at 8.30 AM EST.

Here’s the logic behind the straddle strategy. If the news is significant enough to break through the support level, then it is plausible for the bullish trend to continue in the short term. Conversely, if the news release is significant enough to blow the price past the support level, then the bearish trend might progress in the short-term.

Note that you can pre-set your ‘take profit’ and ‘stop-loss’ levels when using the forex pending order types. Doing this ensures that you get to determine your absolute downside in case a trend doesn’t hold. Furthermore, you can opt for only the ‘trailing stop order’ alongside the stop orders. Your ‘stop-loss’ value is not fixed with the trailing stop, which increases your exposure to the upside.

For instance, if, in the above example, we had set our take profit level at ten pips, we would have only made the ten pips. But, if we used the trailing stop order instead, we would have gained more than the ten pips. Cheers!

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Forex Basic Strategies

Ever Heard Of The Andrew’s Pitchfork Forex Trading Strategy?

Introduction

Pitchfork is a technical indicator developed by Alan Andrews. This indicator consists of three parallel lines- These three lines help us identify the possible support and resistance levels. They also do help us in recognizing potential breakout and breakdown levels. With this, we can identify possible trading opportunities in the Forex market. Long term investors use this indicator to identify and gauge the overall cycles that affect the activity of the underlying currency pair.

Three lines of Andrew’s pitchfork tool are as follows. The first one is the median trend line in the center, and the two equidistant trend lines on each side. Moving from left to right of the chart, these lines are drawn by selecting the three points, which are usually a reaction of highs and lows. As long as price action holds inside the Andrew pitchfork tool, it indicates that the trend is in place. Reversals occur when the price breaks the pitchfork.

Andrew’s pitchfork indicator can be used on all the timeframes, and it works on every single chart. Note that this indicator works very well on all types of securities, such as stocks, cryptocurrencies, futures, or the Forex market.

Picking The Three Points

The first step to know before using Andrew’s pitchfork tool is to select the three points for drawing the trend lines. The first point that we chose must be either a high or low that occurs on the price chart. Once that point is chosen, we must identify the trough and peak to the right and left sides of this point. This must be a pullback, which is opposite in the direction of the ongoing trend. Once these points have been isolated, the indicator is placed on the price chart. The two prongs formed by the peak and trough serves as a support and resistance of the trend as shown below.

Trading Strategies Using The Andrew Pitchfork Tool

Mini Median Method

This one is the most basic and popular strategy used by the traders to trade the market using the Pitchfork indicator. We must place the Andrew Pitchfork tool in a strong ongoing trend and look for the buy/sell opportunities.

In the below image, we marked a few trading opportunities presented by this indicator.  We can see that when the price hits the lower line of the tool, we went long. Likewise, we have activated sell trades when the price action hits the median line. This strategy is basic, but it provides a good risk to reward ratio trades in a strong trending market.

In case of a buy entry, exit your position when the price hits the median line. Conversely, take sell when price reverses at the median line, and we can book our profit at the lower line. Place the stop loss a few pips above your entry and ride the move.

This approach works best for aggressive traders who prefer to pull the trigger when prices reach any significant level. So, if you are an aggressive trader, you can go with this approach. But if you are a conservative/confirmation trader, follow the next strategy.

For Conservative Traders

Most conservative traders do not prefer taking many trades in a single day because they tend to seek extra confirmation before pulling the trigger. This Pitchfork strategy is for them.

When the price action approaches the lower line of the indicator, wait for the price action to hold there to take entry. The holding confirms that the price action respects the dynamic support line, and going long from here will be a good idea.

As you can see in the below price-chart, the USDJPY was in a strong uptrend. We have identified three opportunities to go long, but out of three, only two trades were held at the lower support line to confirm the entry. Both of our trades worked very well, and they went on to make a brand-new higher high.

By using this approach, we can safely trade the market. We must always go for smaller stops because the holding at any significant area confirms the power of buyers.

Breakout Trading

Breakout trading is a popular way to trade the markets. Most of the highly successful traders, market technicians, chartists, banks, hedge fund managers use this approach to trade the Forex market. In this strategy, let’s understand trading the breakouts successfully by using the Andrew Pitchfork tool.

The idea is to find a strong trending market first and wait for the price to pullback. When the price gives enough pullback, place the Andrew pitchfork tool on price action and wait for the breakout in the ongoing trend direction. When the breakout happens, take the trade in the direction of the ongoing trend.

As you can see in the below image, the USDJPY was in an uptrend, giving quite deeper pullbacks. When we got enough pullback, we applied the tool on the price action, and when the breakout happened, we went long. Look for the breakouts only in the direction of the ongoing trend.

The chart below represents our buy entry and risk management in this pair. We went long when the breakout happened, and the stop-loss order was placed just below the breakout line.

There are several ways to book our profits. We can use indicators like RSI and Stochastic to confirm our exits. Here we have used the pitchfork itself to book our profit in the above-discussed trade. When we activate a trade at the breakout, the first thing we must do is to apply the Andrew Pitchfork tool in the direction of our trade and wait for the price action to break the tool to book the profits.

In the below image, we applied the tool when our trade took off, and at around 109.60, the price strongly broke the Andrew pitchfork tool. This is an indication for us to close our whole buying position. Also, you can notice that after our exit, the price action blasted to the south.

Conclusion

Just like other trading tools, Andrew pitchfork is not perfect. We need to have strong knowledge of the money management techniques in place before using this tool on live markets. If you are a novice trader, it is advisable to gain experience by experimenting with this tool on the demo account. Using this tool first hand, we are sure that you will discover various ways of using this tool. This will enhance your ability to understand the market better. Cheers!

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Forex Course

187. Learning To Trade the News With Directional Bias

Introduction

In this course, we will further explain, with an example, how you can trade a news release with a directional bias. In the US, the labor market report is one of the most anticipated new releases in a month. The report has a significant impact on any pair with USD. Note that every trader has their approach to trading the news with a directional bias. Here’s our approach.

If you are a forex trader with a directional bias, you need to have in-depth knowledge of the news release you are trading. What do we mean by in-depth knowledge? Firstly, you have to know what that particular news release tells about the economy. For example, the US labor market report has the unemployment rate and nonfarm payroll data.

When both these indicators beat the analysts’ expectations, we can expect that the USD will become stronger than other currencies. The US labor market report is a leading indicator of consumer demand, contributing up to 70% of the GDP. Furthermore, in the current coronavirus pandemic, the labor market report is used to show the rate of economic recovery.

You’d also expect the USD to weaken relative to currencies it is paired with if the news of the labor market report doesn’t meet analysts’ expectations. In this case, it means that unemployment increased, and the economy didn’t add as many jobs as expected.

To make a proper directional bias trade, you need to understand how the labor market report impacts the forex price charts. You have to look into past releases and establish how much the market moved; this will help you get the average pip movement. You also need to be aware of the prevailing macroeconomic conditions and the recent unemployment rate trend.

What to do before the news release?

Go back a few hours on your chart and establish the intraday support and resistance levels. You will use these levels as your ‘take profit,’ and ‘stop-loss’ levels after the news is released.

Let’s check out the news release of the US unemployment rate on October 2, 2020, at 8.30 AM EST.

EUR/USD: Before US Unemployment Rate Release on October 2, 2020, 
just before 8.00 AM EST

Since the unemployment rate was lower than the previous release and also beat analysts’ expectations, our directional bias is to be bearish on the EUR/USD pair. In this case, we will use our previously established Support Level as the ‘take profit.’

EUR/USD: After US Unemployment Rate Release on October 2, 2020, 8.00 AM EST

[wp_quiz id=”94037″]
Categories
Forex Fundamental Analysis

EUR/USD Global Macro Analysis – Part 3

EUR/USD Exogenous Analysis

In the exogenous analysis, we’ll analyze the economic fundamentals that impact the Euro-US Dollar exchange rate. For this analysis, we’ll focus on:

EU and the US GDP Growth Difference

The primary drivers of GDP growth in an economy are domestic demand and international trade. When a country’s exports increase, it means that the demand for its currency also increases, which makes it appreciate.

The US and the EU GDP change are in tandem. In Q3 of 2020, the EU GDP expanded by 11.6%, while that of the US expanded at an annualized rate of 33.1%. Although this change seems much, the US GDP level is still about 3.5% lower than the pre-coronavirus pandemic levels.

Based on the correlation analysis of the GDP differential and the EUR/USD pair changes, we assign a deflationary score of -2. It implies that the difference in GDP growth between the EU and the US will lead to a bearish EUR/USD.

Trade Balance Difference

For each country, the trade balance shows if an economy is running on deficits in international trade. The trade balance is simply the difference between exports and imports. Surplus trade balance happens when an economy exports more than it imports. A negative trade balance means an economy is importing more than it exports.

The EU recorded a trade surplus of €24489.40 million in September 2020, while the US had a $63.9 billion trade deficit in the same period. The trade balance has a high correlation with the exchange rate of the EUR/USD pair. Therefore, we assign it an inflationary score of 7, meaning we expect a widening trade balance between the EU and the US to result in bullish EUR/USD.

EU and US Interest Rate Differential

This indicator measures the difference between the interest rates in the EU and that in the US. The economy with a higher interest rate will attract more investments from foreigners seeking higher returns.

In the US, the Federal Reserve has kept the interest rate within a range of 0% – 0.25%. In the EU, the ECB interest rate is 0%. Since the interest rate differential between the two economies is low, we do not expect it to impact the EUR/USD exchange rate. Therefore, we assign a deflationary score of -1. That means we expect it to result in a mild bearish trend for the EUR/USD pair.

Conclusion

The exogenous analysis of the EUR/USD fundamentals gives an inflationary score of 4. This implies that in 2020, the EUR/USD pair has had a bullish trend. In the short term, this bullish trend is expected to persist.

Note that the EUR/USD pair has formed a support level along with the middle Bollinger band. Therefore we can say that our Fundamental analysis is being supported by our Technical Analysis as well. Cheers!

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

EUR/USD Global Macro Analysis – Part 1 & 2

Introduction

In this analysis, we’ll focus on endogenous economic growth factors in the EUR and the US. We’ll also analyze the exogenous factors that will help us compare the economic performance in both regions.

Endogenous economic factors are inherent within the domestic economy and are primarily driven by domestic demand. On the other hand, exogenous factors are external economic factors that result from a country’s participation in the international markets. Both of these factors influence the fluctuation of the currencies from both countries.

Ranking Scale

We will rank both the endogenous and the exogenous economic factors on a scale of -10 to +10. A negative ranking shows that the economic factor had a deflationary impact on the currency. Conversely, a positive ranking implies that it had an inflationary impact.

USD Endogenous Analysis – Summary

The USD endogenous factors recorded a score of -19.1, implying a deflationary effect on the USD. This essentially means that according to these indicators, the USD has lost its value since the beginning of this year.

You can find the complete USD Endogenous Analysis here.

EUR Endogenous Analysis – Summary

The endogenous analysis of the EU economy shows a modest deflationary score of -8.5. This means that in 2020, the Euro has shed some of its inherent value.

The endogenous economic indicators in the Eurozone are an aggregate of the 27 member countries in the EU.

  • Monthly retail sales

It measures the inflation-adjusted value of retail sales. About 40.1% of all retail sales in the EU are from food, drinks, and tobacco. Electronics and furniture account for 11.5%, while computer equipment accounts for11.4%. 9.2% of the retail sales are attributed to clothing and footwear,  while pharmaceutical and medical products account for 8.9%.

In September 2020, retail sales in the EU dropped by 2%. Given that retail sales account for about 70% of the GDP, our correlation analysis, we assign the EU retail sales an inflationary score of 2.5.

  • Industrial production

This indicator measures the total output by manufacturers, mines, and utility industries in the EU. The value is adjusted for inflation. Note that the industrial sector in the EU is among the top employers.

In September 2020, industrial production dropped by 0.4%, which is an improvement from the drop of 17.1% recorded in April. However, the change in industrial production has been steadily falling from a peak of 12.4% in May.

Based on our correlation analysis, we assign the EU change in monthly industrial production a deflationary score of -2.

  • Unemployment rate

This indicator shows the percentage of the total workforce in the EU who are seeking gainful employment. The data shows the monthly change.

In September 2020, the unemployment rate in the EU was 8.3%. Throughout the year, the EU has experienced a steady increase in the unemployment rate. This is due to the economic effects of the coronavirus pandemic. However, our correlation analysis shows the minimal impact of the unemployment rate on the EU GDP. Therefore, we assign it a deflationary score of -2.

  • Employment change

As an economic indicator, employment change shows the quarterly change in the number of EU citizens who are gainfully employed. This indicator can also be used to show the ability of the economy to create more jobs. It measures both full-time and part-time employment.

In the third quarter of 2020, the EU employment change increased by 0.9%, showing that the EU economy is recovering from the slump of Q2 2020. Our analysis shows a higher correlation of the employment change with the changes in GDP. Hence, we assign it an inflationary score of 4.

  • Business confidence

The business sentiment is also referred to as the Industry Sentiment. It measures the economic sentiment among manufacturers, consumers, and employers in the EU by rating the current and future economic conditions.

The lowest business confidence recorded in 2020 was -32.3 in April 2020. Since then, the indicator has been steadily improving to -9.5 in October. Based on the correlation analysis with the EU GDP, we assign business confidence a deflationary score of -3.

  • Consumer Spending

Consumer spending measures the quarterly amount that households spend on goods and services for personal consumption. As an economic indicator, it can be used to show households’ welfare and the prevailing economic conditions. Since consumer expenditure accounts for about 70% of the EU GDP, any changes in the quarterly expenditure are bound to impact the GDP levels directly.

In Q2 of 2020, consumer spending dropped to € 1511.14 billion from € 1716.59 billion in Q1 of 2020. It is the largest drop ever recorded in history and can be attributed to the pandemic-induced economic recession.

Due to its high correlation to the change in GDP, we assign consumer spending a deflationary score of -5.

  • European Union Government Debt To GDP

This ratio compares what the EU economy produces and what it owes. It shows the efficiency of the economic process and the capability of the government to service its debts without overstretching the available resources. Investors can use this ratio to gauge whether the debt in an economy is becoming unsustainable.

Increasing levels of government debt and a stagnating GDP results in a deflationary effect for the domestic currency.

By the end of 2020, the EU government debt to GDP is expected to reach 95% from 79.3% recorded in 2019. The higher government debt to GDP in 2020 is a direct result of the aggressive measures out in place to curb deep recessions from the coronavirus pandemic.

Based on our correlation analysis, we assign a deflationary score of -6 to the EU government debt to GDP.

  • EU Rate of inflation

In the EU, the inflation rate is best measured using the consumer price index (CPI). It measures the overall monthly change in the prices of consumer goods and services. The rate of inflation can be used as gauge the purchasing trends among households.

In theory, a rise in inflation implies that consumers’ demand for goods and services is increasing. Conversely, a drop in inflation implies that demand is shrinking hence corresponding to lower GDP levels.

In September 2020, the rate of inflation in the EU decreased by 0.2%. It is, however, an improvement from the -0.4% recorded in July and August. Based on its correlation with GDP, we assign the EU rate of inflation a score of 3.

In the next article, we have posted the Exogenous Analysis of the EUR/USD pair to have a clear idea of whether this pair is bullish or bearish market conditions.

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Forex Signals

Reverse Head & Shoulder Pattern Formation In The EUR/USD Pair

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Forex Signals

Trend Pullback In USD/CHF Pair

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Forex Course

186. What Are Directional & Non-Directional Bias While Trading The News?

Introduction

By now, you have a clear idea of how to make a news trading plan and schedule. The next thing you need to understand is that there are two primary ways of trading the news in the forex market. These ways involve whether or not you have a directional bias towards the news being released.

Having a Directional Bias

Among the first lessons you learn about the release of economic indicators is how they impact different currency pairs. For example, let’s say that you are interested in the GBP/USD pair, and there is an upcoming news release of the UK GDP.

We would expect that if the GDP shows that the UK economy has expanded, then then the GBP will appreciate relative to the dollar the pair will rise. Conversely, if the GDP shows that the UK economy contracted, you will expect the GBP to depreciate against the USD, and the pair will fall. This is what having a directional bias means.

We’re sure you have noticed the ‘consensus’ aspect from the economic calendar. This number is usually what the majority of financial analysts and economists agree on, as the forecast for a particular economic indicator. It is commonly referred to as “Analysts’ expectations.” In most cases, the market reaction to a news release is determined by whether the news was better than the analysts’ expectations, worse than the expectations, or in line with the expectations.

Let’s say that the analysts’ expectation for the upcoming UK GDP is a growth of 2% and when the actual GDP data released turns out to be 2.3%. If you have a directional bias, you will buy the GBP/USD pair as you expect the GBP to appreciate against the USD.

In another scenario, assume that the news release did not meet the analysts’ expectations and the actual GDP growth is 1.6%. For a forex trader with directional bias, they would sell the GBP/USD pair since they expect the GBP to depreciate relative to the USD. The analysts’ expectation is vital to a trader with a directional bias.

Non-Directional Bias

A news trader with non-directional bias ignores the analysts’ expectations. Such traders are aware that high-impact news will result in a significant movement in price action. For them, it doesn’t matter the direction of the market movement; they only follow the trend. They don’t bother whether the news release beat expectations or not.

We hope you got an understanding of what Directional and Non-Directional bias are while trading the news. Don’t forget to take the below quiz. Cheers!

[wp_quiz id=”94041″]
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Forex Fundamental Analysis

GBP/USD Global Macro Analysis – Part 3

Introduction

The exogenous analysis will cover international aspects that impact both the UK and the US and how they influence the GBP/USD price. These factors include:

  • Good trade balance
  • Interest rate differential
  • GDP growth differential

GBP/USD Exogenous Analysis – Summary 

The score for the exogenous analysis of the GBP/USD pair is -3. This deflationary score implies that we should expect that the pair will adopt a bearish trend in the near term.

Goods trade balance

The goods trade balance is the difference between the value of goods a country imports and its exports. When the balance is negative, it means that the country is importing more than it exports. If the goods trade balance is a surplus, it means that a country’s value of exports is more than its imports.

In September 2020, the UK’s goods trade deficit increased to £9.35 billion while that of the US increased to $80.29 billion. Based on the correlation between t goods trade balance and the price of GBP/USD, we assign it an inflationary score of 2. It means if the goods trade balance keeps widening between the two countries, we can expect that the GBP/USD pair will continue being bullish.

The UK and the US Interest rate differential

This is the difference between the interest rate set by the Bank of England and the interest rate fixed by the US Federal Reserve. Capital tends to flow towards the economy with a higher interest rate since investors are bound to earn higher returns.

The BOE has set the interest rate at 0.1%, while the FED has it at 0.25%. therefore, the interest rate differential for the GBP/USD pair is 0.1% – 0.25% = -0.15%. Based on the interest rate differential, the GBP/USD pair should have a bearish trend. Therefore, we assign it a score of -3.

GDP growth differential

The actual size of the GDP varies from country to country. However, we can compare the rate at which they grow and analyse the impact of this growth rate on the exchange rate.

In the third quarter of September 2020, the UK GDP expanded by 15.5% while that of the US expanded by 33.1%. Over the years, we can observe that the US GDP growth has been at a faster rate than that of the UK. In this case, we assign a deflationary score of -2 on the UK and the US GDP growth rate differential. That means if the US economy keeps expanding at a faster rate, we can expect a bearish GBP/USD in the near term.

Our technical analysis also supports the forecasted bearish trend in the near term. Note that the GBP/USD pair has failed to breach the upper Bollinger band forming a resistance level for the past two years.

We hope you found this analysis useful and informative. Let us know if you have any questions by commenting below. All the best.

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

GBP/USD Global Macro Analysis – Part 1 & 2

Introduction

To properly understand the dynamics of the price of the GBP/USD pair, we’ll conduct endogenous and exogenous analyses of the UK and the US economies.

The endogenous analysis will focus on the significant fundamental economic indicators that drive economic growth in either country. The exogenous analysis will dig deeper into how both the US and the UK economies interact with each other in terms of international trade that impact the currency exchange.

Ranking Scale

Both the endogenous and the exogenous factors that we will analyse will be ranked on a sliding scale from -10 to +10. A negative score means that the indicator resulted in currency depreciation, while a positive score implies that it led to currency appreciation.

USD Endogenous Analysis – Summary

The USD endogenous factors recorded a score of -19.1, implying a deflationary effect on the USD. This essentially means that according to these indicators, the USD has lost its value since the beginning of this year.

You can find the complete USD Endogenous Analysis here.

GBP Endogenous Analysis – Summary

The endogenous analysis of the UK economy results in an expansionary score of 2. Therefore, we could expect the GBP increased in 2020.

Markit Manufacturing PMI

This is a survey done on about 600 purchasing managers in the manufacturing industry, who rate the level of the business environment such as prices, new orders, inventories, supply deliveries, labour conditions, and production levels.

This is a leading indicator for the economy because businesses react almost instantly to the changing operating environment, and the purchasing managers have the most relevant insight. In November 202, the UK Manufacturing PMI was 55.2, showing that the economy is undergoing a sustained recovery. Due to its low correlation with the GDP, we assign an inflationary score of 3.

UK inflation

The CPI is based on a monthly survey done by the Office for National Statistics. This is done by comparing the current average of sample consumer items by the previous month’s prices. The BOE uses the data to adjust interest rates and QE levels to set inflation targets for the economy.

Rising inflation levels lead to higher interest rates, which makes CPI a vital currency valuation indicator. The UK inflation rate increased by 0.7% in October 2020 but is still lower than the rate in the pre-pandemic period. Based on our correlation analysis. We assign it a score of -4.

Manufacturing Production

It measures the change in the total value of inflation-adjusted output by the manufacturers in the whole economy. It is a leading indicator of the economy’s performance since production levels adjust quickly to the business cycles and heavily dependent on consumer conditions like employment changes and earning levels.

Manufacturing contributes about 80% of the UK’s industrial output and accounts for up to 42.4% of GDP changes. The year-on-year manufacturing production change in September 2020 was -7.9%. This marks the smallest decline since the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. Due to its high correlation with GDP, we assign it an inflationary score of 6.

Claimant count change

It measures the change in the number of people who are seeking unemployment benefits. Hence, it is the primary indicator of unemployment levels, which makes it a vital signal of consumer expenditure levels and labour market conditions. In the UK, claimant count change is considered the best measure of the employment situation, and it accounts for 30% of changes in the GDP.

In September 2020, the number of people in the UK who claimed unemployment benefits dropped by 29800. However, the unemployment rate remains at yearly highs of 4.8%. For this reason, we assign a score of -5.

Industrial Production

It measures the change in output from the mines, manufacturers, and utilities, adjusted for inflation. While manufacturing makes up 80% of the industrial production, mines and utilities make up 20%, and their effects on the real economy are thus overshadowed.

It is a significant leading indicator of the economy’s health since industrial activities correspond to labour market conditions and sensitive to business cycles. In September 2020, the UK industrial MoM production increased by 0.5%. However, on a YoY basis, it is down 6.3% from September 2019. In this case, we assign industrial production a score of -3.

Retail Sales

It measures the change in the inflation-adjusted value of all sales at the retail level in the whole economy. It is the primary measure of how much consumer expenditure accounts for most of the country’s economic activity.

In October 2020, the UK MoM retail sales increased by 1.2%, which is the 6th consecutive increase in retail sales from the slump recorded at the height of the coronavirus pandemic. Based on its correlation with GDP, we assign retail sales an inflationary score of 4.

Markit Services PMI

This is a survey on about 400 purchasing managers in the services industry, who rate the business environment using factors such as employment, new orders, pricing, inventories, and supplier deliveries. A score of above 50 signifies an expansion, while below 50 indicates a contraction in the services industry.

In November 2020, the Marking UK Services PMI was 45.8 – a significant drop from 51.4 in October. Although the Services PMI has increased from the April lows, it is still lower than in January 2020. Combined with its low correlation with the UK GDP, we assign a deflationary score of -3.

United Kingdom Public Sector Net Debt to GDP

This is also called Government Debt to GDP Ratio. Most investors, bilateral and multilateral lenders use this ratio to determine a country’s ability to service any debt they take on. Naturally, when the ratio is higher, it means that the government is piling on more debt, but the GDP is not increasing at the same rate. Since higher GDP would mean higher sources of revenue, if the GDP is not increasing at the same pace as the amount of debt, it implies that the government might struggle with debt repayment.

In 2020, the UK Public Sector Net Debt to GDP is projected to reach historic highs of 96.6%. This increase is mainly attributed to governments’ efforts to prop up the economy through aggressive expansionary policies during the pandemic. Based on our correlation analysis, the increase in the United Kingdom Public Sector Net Debt to GDP in 2020 served its purpose to avoid irreversible recessions. We, therefore, assign an inflationary score of 4.

In our next article, we will analyze the Exogenous factors of both USD and GBP to come to an appropriate conclusion.

Categories
Forex Fundamental Analysis

Understanding ‘US TIC Net Long-Term Transactions’ Fundamental Forex Driver

Introduction

When foreign investors prefer investing in the domestic economy, they strongly believe that they can get better returns than in any other market. The US is considered the leading economy in the world; therefore, hence US securities are highly trusted by most investors. Similarly, since the USD is the most traded currency in the international market, its value would fluctuate depending on investors’ optimism in the capital and money market of the US.

Understanding US TIC Net Long-Term Transactions

As an economic indicator, the US TIC Net Long-Term Transactions measures the net flow of financial securities in the US economy. The financial securities under consideration include; Treasury and agency securities, corporate bonds, and equities.

Therefore, the ‘net’ in the US TIC Net Long-term Transactions means the difference between US financial securities’ gross purchases and sales by foreign investors. This data provides a vivid overview of the participation of foreigners in the US capital and money markets. When the US TIC net long-term transactions data is positive, it means that more foreigners are buying into the US economy than those selling. Similarly, when the US TIC net long-term transactions data is negative, it means more foreigners are exiting the US economy compared to those buying into the economy.

So, what is TIC? TIC stands for Treasury International Capital, a financial report from the US Department of Treasury. It shows the flow of capital into and out of the US in both the short and long term. The TIC report is published monthly and quarterly; it details the flow of capital explicitly in the sale and purchase of US financial securities.

According to the TIC reports, the classification of foreigners does not necessarily mean individuals and institutions from abroad. Foreigners in this context also include foreign branches of US institutions. For example, if a US bank has a branch in London, that branch is considered a foreigner.

Using US TIC Net Long-Term Transactions in Analysis

The main point of the US TIC Net Long-Term Transactions Report is it shows the demand for USD stocks and investors’ sentiment towards the US economy. Let’s break down the US TIC Net Long-Term Transactions depending on the market.

If the US TIC net long-term transactions, it could signal that the US treasuries and bonds are in high demand. First, you should know why investors would demand more of US treasuries. The US treasuries and bonds are considered to be risk-free. The reason for this is because investors are guaranteed to receive a fixed amount of coupon rate until maturity.

More so, the US treasuries also come with an inherent guarantee that the US government will not default the interest payment and that investors will receive their principal upon maturity. Furthermore, the US’s interest rates are relatively higher than other developed nations; this means that investors in the US government securities stand to profit more by investing in the US.

The level of purchase of the US TIC net long-term transactions also says a lot about the expected inflation. In the long term, most investors worry that if the rate of inflation increases rapidly, it will reduce their profits. Thus, any investor would prefer to invest in a country with stable inflation, which would ensure that their returns are not severely affected.

Therefore, when the US TIC net long-term transactions are positively increasing, it means that foreign investors expect the US economy to be relatively stable over the long term. It is taken as confidence that the Federal Reserve will keep long term inflation in check.

Source: St. Louis FRED

Conversely, if the US TIC net long-term transactions are negative, it implies that there are more sellers than buyers. This scenario could imply that foreign investors believe that the long-term inflation rate will exceed the rate of returns they will receive from their investments. Since their expected real returns will be diminished, they prefer to invest their money in other economies.

The US TIC net long-term transactions can also be used to show impending recessions and optimism about economic recoveries. Let’s use the recent coronavirus pandemic as an example. In the first quarter of 2020, the US TIC net long-term transactions plunged to historic lows. It means that more foreign investors were exiting the US capital and money markets and presumably investing their funds elsewhere. This net outflow was a result of the uncertainty of what the pandemic might bring.

 Source: Trading Economics

In the second quarter of 2020, the US TIC net long-term transactions jumped back to positive territory, implying that foreign investors were pouring back into the US capital and money markets. Note that this net inflow coincides with the passing of the $2 trillion stimulus package. Therefore, we can argue that the net inflow of US TIC net long-term transactions was a vote of confidence by foreign investors that in the long term, the US economy will rebound from the pandemic-induced recession.

Impact of US TIC Net Long-Term Transactions on Currency

The impact of the US TIC net long-term transactions on the USD is pretty straightforward. In the international market, foreigners are obliged to convert their currencies into the USD. Therefore, an increase in the US TIC net long-term transactions means that the demand for the USD increases as well. Consequently, the increase in the demand for the USD makes it appreciate relative to other currencies.

Conversely, when US TIC net long-term transactions show net outflows, the USD will depreciate relative to other currencies. This is because when foreigners sell the US financial securities, they will convert the USD to their domestic currencies when repatriating their money.

Data Sources

The US Department Of The Treasury is responsible for collating and publishing the monthly and quarterly US TIC net long-term transactions. Trading Economics has detailed historical data on the US TIC net long-term transactions.

How US TIC Net Long-Term Transactions Release Affects The Forex Price Charts

The latest monthly publication of the US TIC net long-term transactions was on October 16, 2020, at 4.00 PM EST. The release can be accessed at Investing.com. Moderate volatility on the USD can be expected when the US TIC net long-term transactions report is released.

In August 2020, the US TIC net long-term transactions were $27.8 billion compared to $11.3 billion in July 2020. In theory, this increase should be positive for the USD.

Let’s see how this release impacted the GBP/USD pair.

GBP/USD: Before US TIC Net Long-Term Transactions Release on October 16, 2020, 
just before 4.00 PM EST

Before the publication of the US TIC net long-term transactions, the GBP/USD pair was trading in a subdued uptrend. The 20-period MA was almost flattened with candles forming just above it.

GBP/USD: After US TIC Net Long-Term Transactions Release on October 16, 2020, 
at 4.00 PM EST

After the publication of the US TIC net long-term transactions, the pair formed a 5-minute bearish candle. Subsequently, GBP/USD adopted a bearish trend showing that the USD significantly strengthened against the GBP. The 20-period MA steeply fell as candles formed further below it.

Bottom Line

From this analysis, it is evident that the US TIC net long-term transactions release has a significant impact on the forex market. The report shows the confidence of investors in the US economy and the demand for the US Dollar.

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Forex Course

185. Knowing Which News Release To Trade Is Crucial!

Introduction

Before you develop your trading strategy around the news releases, you first need to decide which news you will use for trading. As we mentioned in our previous course, different economic releases have a varying impact on the forex market. Since the aim of any trade is to gain as many pips as possible, it is only natural that you trade news releases that create high impact – those which can significantly move the forex market in the short-term; or even the longer-term.

The primary way to identify high-impact news releases is by establishing which economic indicator gives a relevant, most current, and comprehensive overview of the economy. The high-impact news releases usually cover these aspects;

Central banks’ monetary policies: These policies can impact future economic growth – both in the short and long term.

Labour market reports: Such reports tend to be of the changes in the previous month. They are a leading indicator of changes in household demand, which is a major contributor to economic growth.

Manufacturing and industrial activities: These sectors are usually among the largest employers in the labor market. Monitoring their growth can be a leading indicator of GDP growth and changes in the unemployment levels.

The services industry: This industry is the first to be impacted by changes in consumer demand.

You don’t have to stress about determining which specific economic indicators are high-impact. The economic calendars take care of this for you. Furthermore, there are several economic calendars out there, so you can compare multiple calendars and check put the consensus about the impact magnitude of the various news releases.

Note that these calendars have a legend to indicate the magnitude of the news release. They show whether the news will have high, medium, or low volatility.

Here’s our recommended list of high-impact economic indicators.

  • GDP releases
  • Inflation indicators like CPI, PPI, and PCE
  • Interest rate decision
  • Unemployment rate and wages data
  • Industrial production, factory orders, or manufacturing production
  • Retail sales
  • Surveys on the manufacturing sector and services industry
  • Sentiment surveys on consumers and businesses

It is important to note that geopolitical developments can be happenstance. These events could include upcoming elections in major economies, natural disasters like tsunamis, pandemics, and geopolitical conflicts. When these events happen, the impact of the release of the economic indicators may change.

For example, towards the end of Q2 in 2020, the impact of these economic indicators was heightened. The reason is that they signaled the rate of economic recoveries after the coronavirus-induced recessions. Furthermore, they showed whether or not the expansionary policies adopted impacted the economy as expected.

[wp_quiz id=”94066″]
Categories
Forex Fundamental Analysis

Everything About ‘Economy Watchers Current Index’ Economic Indicator

Introduction

It has long been posited that in any economy, the first people to experience growth or contraction are those who provide basic-everyday services to the households. These service providers are considered to be “in touch” with the realities of the economy since they directly interact with their customers. While most people do not pay close attention to this index, its fluctuations could provide valuable insights into the economy.

Understanding Economy Watchers Current Index

For this analysis, we will focus on the Japanese Economy Watchers Current Index. This index attempts to measure the present economic conditions in Japan, especially from the perspective of households. From its name ‘economy watchers,’ it directly measures the mood of businesses who are in constant touch with the final consumers.

The index is compiled by surveying about 2050 employees in every sector of the economy. Here is the list of the sectors surveyed in the economy.

  • In household activity related sectors
    • Retail establishments like supermarkets and automobile sellers
    • Food and beverage establishments like restaurants
    • Services to households such as transportation, telecommunication, and leisure facility operators
    • Housing services
  • Corporate activity related sectors, including:
    • Operators in the manufacturing sectors
    • Employees and operators in the nonmanufacturing sector
    • Employees in the primary sectors like agriculture, mining, and fishing
  • Employee-related sectors such as;
    • Temporary labour placement agents
    • Job magazine editors
    • Staffing agencies
    • Professionals who understand labour market trends

In all the above sectors, the data is compiled as per the regions in which it was collected. It is to say that the survey is divided based on the area being surveyed in japan. It covers the 11 regions in Japan.

The people who are surveyed are well-placed in positions that enable them to observe first-hand the changes in economic activities. These are the questions that the survey asks.

  • How they assess the current economic conditions and detailed reasons for their answer
  • Their assessment of future economic conditions and their reasons for this assessment

The survey is conducted monthly from the 25th to the end of that month. Note that the Japanese Cabinet Office selects regional research organisations to administer these surveys. Based on the responses obtained, a ‘diffusion index’ is compiled. This diffusion index is then converted into a percentage to give the Japanese Economy Watchers Current Index. Here’s how the responses are weighted in the diffusion index.

  • Better is +1
  • Slightly better is +0.75
  • Unchanged is +0.5
  • Slightly worse is +0.25
  • Worse is 0

Using Economy Watchers Current Index in Analysis

Any value above 50 indicates that respondents are optimistic about the future, while values below 50 show that they are pessimistic. Now, note that a rise in the Economy Watchers Current Index doesn’t mean that all sectors of the economy are optimistic. It just means that majority of the sectors in the economy are optimistic.

For example, economy watchers in every other sector might be optimistic, but those in the nonmanufacturing sectors are pessimistic. This scenario means that majority of economy watchers are optimistic. Similarly, when the Economy Watchers Current Index shows pessimism about the economy, it doesn’t mean that every sector in the economy shows pessimism. Some economy watchers could be optimistic.

When the economy watchers are optimistic about the future, it means that they expect the economy to grow. Remember that these economy watchers are sampled from virtually every sector of the economy in every region of Japan. For example, let’s say that economy watchers in the manufacturing sector are optimistic about the economy.

This means that they expect the manufacturing sector to expand, which means that the output from the sector will increase. Going back to the basic knowledge of the economy, we know that suppliers and producers take their cue from consumers. Therefore, an increase in production in the manufacturing sector, or any other sector, means that consumer demand has also increased.

Let’s think of the factors that drive an increase in consumer demand. The primary factor is the increase in money supply in the economy, which is driven by easy access to cheap finance or an increase in the employment rate. Here, consumers have increased disposable income, which means that the economy is expanding.

Conversely, when the Economic Watchers Current Index is decreasing and showing increased pessimism, it could mean that the economy is contracting. Let’s use the example of household activity related sectors. When they are pessimistic, it means that they are experiencing a shortfall in demand for their goods and services. Since we have established that household demand drives these sectors, a decrease in demand could mean that households are cutting back on their expenditures.

This reduction in consumption is a direct consequence of lower disposable income in the economy. When households have reduced disposable income, they will prioritise expenditure on only the most essential goods and services. It means that consumer discretionary industries will take a hit, as will the overall economy – GDP will fall as the economy contracts.

Observe in the graphs below that the fall in the Japanese Economy Watchers Current Index corresponds to the drop in Japanese GDP in Q1 2020.

Source: Trading Economics

Source: St. Louis FRED

Impact of the Japanese Economy Watchers Current Index on the JPY

We have seen that the Economy Watchers Current Index can directly be linked to the money supply in the economy.; which means it can also be used as a leading indicator of inflation.

When the Economy Watchers Current Index is continually rising, it can be taken as a sign that there is increasingly more money supply in the economy. In this case, governments and central banks might step in to implement contractionary policies like hiking interest rates. In the forex market, this will increase the value of JPY. Conversely, when the Economy Watchers Current Index steadily drops, it might trigger expansionary policies, which will make the JPY depreciate.

Data Sources

The Cabinet Office of Japan is responsible for the survey and publication of the Japanese Economy Watchers Current Index. In-depth and historical data is also available at Trading Economics.

How the Japanese Economy Watchers Current Index Affects The Forex Price Charts

The recent publication from the Cabinet Office of Japan was on October 8, 2020, at 2.00 PM JST. The release is available at Investing.com. The publication of the Japanese Economy Watchers Current Index is expected to have a low impact on the JPY.

In September 2020, the Japanese Economy Watchers Current Index was 49.3 compared to 43.9 in August 2020.

Let’s find out how this release impacted the JPY.

AUD/JPY: Before Japanese Economy Watchers Current Index Release on 
October 8, 2020, just before 2.00 PM JST

The AUD/JPY pair was trading in a weak uptrend before the publications of the Japanese Economy Watchers Current Index. The 20-period MA was merely slightly rising with candles forming just above it.

AUD/JPY: After Japanese Economy Watchers Current Index Release on 
October 8, 2020, at 2.00 PM JST

The pair formed a 5-minute “Doji” candles immediately after the publications of the index. Since the index showed pessimism in the Japanese economy, the JPY is expected to be weaker compared to the AUD. As expected, the pair subsequently traded in a renewed uptrend with the 20-period MA steeply rising and candles forming further above it.

Bottom Line

The article has shown the importance of the Economy Watchers Current Index in the Japanese economy. More so, the significance of the index has been evidenced by the price chart analysis. Note that although the index is usually a low-impact indicator. However, its significance is observed in the current coronavirus pandemic since it can be used as a leading indicator of economic recovery.