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Forex Technical Analysis

The Link Between Interest Rates and Forex Trading

Although there are many elements that influence the appreciation of a currency, one of the most important factors to consider is a country’s interest rates. In fact, assuming everything else stays the same, forex traders need to focus on interest rates more than anything else. In this article, we will explore what interest rates mean and how they impact the value of a country’s currency.

What to Look For

If we have a stable economic and geopolitical situation around the world, the foreign exchange market will favor a currency that is seeing an increase in the interest rate and more increases in the future. Even so, the interest rate is not the only factor affecting a currency. Other factors, such as war, geopolitical concerns, inflation, correlation with other markets, and many other things can be relevant.

When the interest rate is higher, it tends to attract a lot of foreign capital. The explanation is because money always wants to go to the place where it is “best treated.” For example, if you manage a large investment fund, you will look for greater returns for your clients. If country A pays 5% in bonus while other country B pays 2% in the same type of bonus, country A is the favorite with respect to where to invest. With the intention of buying that bond or investing in that financial asset, you need to buy in that country’s currency. (Some countries will take bonds or another currency like the American dollar, but we won’t talk about that in this article)

A Case Study

Let’s say you manage a large fund outside the UK. You have the instruction to put the money somewhere, and the most natural place you can put it is to go where we can find the largest growth. Generally speaking, central banks will realize an increase in interest rates if the economy is performing well. It’s a matter of time, but sometimes you might decide to enter a stock market, where you would have to shop in the local currency. The reason for having higher interest rates is that they are worried that the economy will overheat but at the same time there is a proclivity of financial assets to go up in that situation. Looking elsewhere in the world, you make the decision that Germany is the country where you plan to invest as many of the German multinationals are enjoying a big increase in exports. To buy stocks in the DAX you will need to buy euros.

Interest rates on Forex. In this scenario, you will need to purchase the EUR/GBP pair. If the European Union has a strong economy it will not only seek to buy shares in that market, it will also seek to buy bonds. Again, you will have to buy them in Euros. In that scenario, it is the natural flow of money to go after the highest yield. You could be in a situation where the UK has an interest rate of 1%. while Europe has an interest rate of 2.25%, for example.

But, a while later the situation in the world changes dramatically. We’re on the verge of a global recession, and you need to do something with your money. This was the situation during the financial crisis, which began in a way that most people would see as counter-intuitive. When the bubble burst, the initial movement was that the other currencies won. However, the US dollar began to win rapidly over time after the initial shock. The reason for this is that there are few places in the world that can absorb the kind of transactions that the treasure market can in the United States.

In that scenario, we had an exodus of capital from countries around the world in the treasure market, which brought up the value of the dollar. This was counter-intuitive because interest rates were being lowered quickly, but frankly, people were looking to keep their money in a safe place. It didn’t matter that possibly the money was going from New Zealand which had a 6% rate at the time to the United States which was lowering its interest rates. At the time, it wasn’t about getting some kind of return, it was about protecting the briefcases.

When things began to calm down, money managers began to buy other currencies such as the New Zealand dollar, the Australian dollar, and even emerging-market currencies such as the Turkish lira or the South African rand. Emerging market currencies were particularly attractive because some of the interest rates in those countries, despite being historically low for those areas, were still five or six times higher than those in developed countries. Once people thought it was safe to invest again, this was the first place that a lot of money went.

Interest rates are the main factor affecting the value of currencies. But much of it has to do with what traders think on a political and economic level. The general rule is that when people feel comfortable, they buy assets with a higher return, including currencies that have a higher return. When they are not comfortable, currencies with a lower interest rate such as the Japanese yen or the Swiss franc have historically performed better, alongside the dollar. Be sure to first understand the market risk, so you can follow interest rates in both directions.

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Forex Course

193. Summary – Carry Trading

Introduction 

Carry trade involves borrowing or selling of an asset that has a low-interest rate, for the purpose of using the fund proceeds to make another investment with a higher rate of interest. By paying a lower rate of interest on assets and collecting a higher interest rate from another asset, traders make a difference in the interest rate.

Currency Carry Trading – How Does It Work?

In currency carry trading, the trader borrows one currency known as the borrowing fund. And, then they use this fund to purchase another currency. The traders pay low-interest rates on the borrowed currency while collecting a higher interest rate on the purchasing currency. This type of trade gives traders an effective alternative to purchasing low and sell high, which is difficult to do on other trading options. AUD/JPY and NZD/JPY are the most common currency pairs to carry trade.

Opportunities & Risks Involved

The most profitable time to perform a carry trade is when the country’s central banks are increasing or about to raise the interest rate. Low volatility situations are also profitable for these trades as traders are more likely to take more risks. Granted that the value of the currency does not fall, traders are likely to get a good amount.

There is a big risk associated with currency carry trading, primarily because of the uncertainties associated with the exchange rate. When high leverage levels are used in this trade, it implies that even small movement in the exchange rates can result in a substantial loss if the traders fail to hedge their positions properly.

Risk Management 

While lucrative, carry trading comes with its own share of risks. This is because currencies are prone to volatility. Moreover, the negative market sentiment of the traders within the currency market can also have a substantial impact on carry pair currencies. Without improper risk management, traders could end up bearing a high degree of risk. The best way to avoid risk in a carry trade is when the market sentiment and fundamentals support them.

Final Thoughts

If you are looking to invest in a carry trading, the first steps are to select the most lucrative broker vs currency pair combination. The charges of brokers vary significantly across various currencies. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the trade offers an effective risk-adjusted return. Cheers.

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Forex Course

192. Criteria To Carry Trade The Forex Market and Risks Involved

Introduction

In the previous lesson, we discussed instances when a carry can work, and when it’s bound to fail. But, having this knowledge won’t be of much help if you do not know the best criteria for a currency carry trade and the risks involved.

Criteria to Carry Trade

There are two basic criteria to carry trade the Forex market profitably.

The interest rate differential between two currency pairs needs to be high with no prospects of reducing in the near term.

The currency pair that we choose has to be on a bullish trend in favor of the currency with the higher interest rate. The reason for this is to ensure you can remain bullish on the high yielding currency and profit from the interest rate differential for the longest possible time.

Let’s take the example of the AUD/JPY pair. Japan’s interest rate has remained at -0.1%, while in Australia was held at 0.25%. That means the interest rate differential between the AUD/JPY pair has been 0.35%. Therefore, if you were to borrow and sell the JPY to buy the AUD, you’d expect a pay-out of 0.35%. Note that this is the same as going long on the AUD/JPY pair.

In this scenario, going long on AUD/JPY from March 2020 to October 2020 would have earned you over 900 pips. At the same time, you’d be earning an interest rate differential of 0.35%.

Risks Involved In Carry Trading

So far, a carry trade sounds like a risk-free strategy. But, like any other investment, the carry trade has its fair amount of risks – especially when leverage is involved.

Remember, in the previous lesson, we mentioned two conditions for a carry trade to thrive. First, there had to be low volatility in the market. The reason for this is to ensure that your open position is not wiped out due to currency fluctuations before you reap the profits of interest rate differential. Note that using trailing stop orders can help mitigate the risk of price fluctuations in the forex market.

The second condition for a carry trade to thrive was the stable economic conditions that might encourage the hiking of interest rates. If the economic climate is full of uncertainties, like with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, central banks are more likely to cut interest rates than hike them. Therefore, if extreme interest rate cuts occur while you are in a currency carry trade, it could result in losses. 

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191. Carry Trading Doesn’t Work All The Time!

Introduction 

Now that you understand what a carry trade is in the forex market, the next logical step is to show you when this strategy works and when it fails. We already know that the carry trade entirely depends on interest rates between two countries.

Let’s take the USD/JPY pair. The interest rate in Japan is -0.1%, and that in the US it is 0.25%. So, if you were to borrow and sell the JPY to buy the USD, your interest rate differential would be = 0.25 – (-0.1) = 0.35%.

In this case, you’d expect profits of 0.35%. By now, we already know that forex traders always anticipate the monetary policy actions of central banks.

When do Carry Trades Work?

There two main instances when carry trades become popular:

Firstly, it is during periods of low volatility. When there are minimal price fluctuations, traders may be induced to take on more risks to increase their profits – carry trade. In this case, provided the value of the currency doesn’t fall, the rollover earned is a good incentive.

Secondly, it’s when traders anticipate that central banks will raise interest rates. In this instance, traders will anticipate that the interest rate differential will increase, as will the pay-out.

When Do Carry Trades Not Work?

We’ve already established that for a carry trade to be effective, the interest rate differential needs to be high or increasing. That means that one country should be increasing its interest rate while another decreasing.

Similarly, the country with the lower interest rate should be decreasing while the one with the higher interest rate remains constant. Another scenario could be if the country with the lower interest rate remains constant while the one with the higher interest rate increases. If you find all this confusing, let’s explain using an example.

Economic indicators in the US points towards higher possibilities of a recession. Say the unemployment levels are increasing, manufacturing is falling, GDP is contracting, and retail sales are nose-diving.

Forex traders can anticipate that the Federal Reserve will cut interest rates to stimulate the economy. In this case, the USD will be considered a high-risk currency since investors will have a higher aversion towards it. Now, instead of purchasing the USD, investors will opt for other currencies with a more stable outlook.  The logic behind this is that the interest rate differential has reduced or is expected to reduce vis-a-vis USD/JPY.

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161. Learning To Trade Interest Rate Differentials

Introduction

In forex trading, every trader anticipates the upcoming price of a currency pair in several ways. Traders and analysts use market analysis tools like capital flows or price action to predict the currency pair’s future direction. However, some use interest rate differentials to predict the upcoming price movement of a currency pair.

What is the Interest Rate Differential?

In trading a currency pair, buying towards the currency with a higher interest rate and selling the currency with a lower interest rate is a way to make money from the forex market, which is known as interest rate differential or price appreciation.

The interest rate differential makes the forward point that makes up a forward currency rate. The forward rate is created by adding or subtracting the current exchange rate and making a new rate. At that rate, traders can buy or sell a currency pair in the future. Let’s have a look at the example of interest rate differential.

If we want to sell the USDJPY 10 year in the future, we have to make a payment to the buyer. The amount should be based on the difference between the US interest rate and the Japanese interest rate. Later on, we will make payment to the buyer at the current spot rate plus interest rate differential between the US interest rate and the Japanese interest rate.

How to Make Profit from Interest Rate Differential

The higher interest rate of a country has a higher demand for holding currencies than the country with a lower interest rate. The main reason behind the differential is that it costs a trader to hold on to a currency that has a lower interest rate.

Using this concept, we can predict the future price of a currency pair. If the US interest rate goes higher or the Japanese interest rate goes lower, the USDJPY price will move towards the direction of interest rate differential. Similarly, if the US interest rate goes lower or the Japanese interest rate increases, the USDJPY price will likely move lower.

Conclusion

In forex trading, we take trading decisions based on probabilities, and interest rate differential is one of these probabilities. Traders can take the ultimate trading decision by considering this element besides the fundamental and technical analysis.

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156. Why Interest Rates Matter While Trading Forex Currency Pairs

Introduction

The interest rate is one of the major fundamental indicators of a currency pair. Any increase in interest rate is a positive sign for an economy. However, there are some other factors that a trader should know.

What is the Interest Rate?

The interest rate is the charge that the Central Bank takes on loans and advances to control the money supply. The interest rate is usually revised quarterly based on the economic condition of a country.

The main aim of changing the interest rate is to control inflation and stabilize the country’s currency exchange rate. The interest rate is one of the most significant fundamental indicators for a country that directly affects the country’s economy both inside and outside.

Image Source: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/

When the country’s economic condition is excellent, and the targeted inflation is achieved, the central bank tries to discourage people from taking loans from the Central by increasing the interest rate.

On the other hand, when the economic condition is not right, Central Bank tries to expand the country’s economic activity by attracting people to take more money from the bank with a cheaper interest rate.

How interest Rate Impact on a Currency Pair?

In the forex market, traders usually trade in currency pairs instead of a single currency. Therefore, they should evaluate two separate countries’ economic conditions to determine which country is more reliable. Based on this knowledge, we can say that increasing the country’s interest rate will influence the currency to be strong against other currencies.

For example, we want to take a trade in the USDCHF pair, and we are waiting for the USD’s interest rate decision. When the news came, we saw that the Federal Reserve increased the interest rate from 2% to 2.5%. As a result, the USD became stronger immediately against the CHF, and the USDCHF goes up.

This is how the interest rate impacts on a currency. However, the opposite reaction might happen when the Federal Reserve decreases the interest rate from 2 % to 1.5% instead of increasing. In that case, the EURUSD might be stronger and move higher.

How to Make a Profit from the Interest Rate Change?

Making money from interest rates is an effective and solid way to trade based on the fundamental analysis. However, as a trader, we should focus on other fundamental releases and events to understand a currency pair’s overall structure. The significant economic releases of a country are interrelated. For example, if the inflation and GDP are good, an increase in interest rate is evident for the central bank.

Therefore, before taking a trade based on the interest, we should focus on what the other fundamental releases are telling about the currency.

Conclusion

After the above discussion, we can say that the interest rate is the most significant fundamental indicator of a currency pair. However, as the forex market consists of several uncertainties, we should focus on money management strongly. We may face some market conditions where the price might react against our expectations. So, the only way to make a consistent growth of our trading balance is to follow strong trade management.

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155. Getting Started With Forex Fundamental Analysis

Introduction

Fundamental analysis and technical analysis are an essential part of Forex trading. A Forex trader cannot be a profitable trader unless he knows this analysis. Fundamental analysis provides a logical reason for the upcoming movement of a currency pair based on economic releases. Traders evaluate these releases to determine the exact movement of a currency pair.

What is Fundamental Analysis?

According to finance and accounting, Fundamental analysis is the process of analyzing the business’s financial statement, including the competitor and market analysis. Moreover, it considers the core feature of a country’s macroeconomic factor, including the interest rate, inflation, GDP, manufacturing index, export, import, etc.

However, in forex trading, the fundamental analysis focuses on macro-economic factors mostly. The currency pair in a forex market represents the economy of two separate countries. In fundamental analysis, traders usually focus on major economic events and releases and their impact on a currency pair. Moreover, most professional traders consider both technical and fundamental analysis to get the best output from the market.

Elements of Fundamental Analysis

The fundamental analysis has two major elements- the fundamental releases and the fundamental events.

The Fundamental Releases

Fundamental releases are economic news of releases of a country that is published at regular intervals. Among the fundamental releases, the primary 4 economic releases are most important as it creates an immediate impact on a currency pair. Let’s have a look at four major economic releases:

  • Interest rate: The interest rate is how much we have to pay to the central bank if we take any loan. Central banks raise the interest rate if the economic condition is excellent. On the other hand, the central bank reduces interest rates if the economic condition is terrible.

Image Source: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/

  • Inflation Rate: Inflation is the buying power of the money. The increase in inflation indicates a rise in the consumer product’s price that reduces the buying power of money. Any increase in the inflation rate is terrible for the economy.

Image Source: RBA

  • Gross Domestic Product: Gross Domestic Product or GDP refers to the country’s products and services’ total value. Any increase in GDP is positive for a particular currency.
  • Employment: The number of employed and unemployed persons for a country works as a crucial fundamental indicator. Any decrease in employment is bad for the economy, and any increase in employment is reasonable.

Image source: https://www.bankofcanada.ca/

Fundamental Events

Besides fundamental releases, some essential fundamental events put a significant impact on a currency pair as mentioned below:

  • Central Bank Meeting: Central of a country meets once a quarter and discusses its economic condition. Any dovish tone negatively impacts the currency, while a hawkish tone creates a positive impact.
  • Geopolitical Events: There is some condition when one country meets another country to discuss the trade deal or conflict. Any positive news from a country’s geopolitical event may create a bullish momentum of the country’s currency.

In fundamental analysis, traders usually evaluate these releases and events to measure the strength and weaknesses of a currency pair.

Conclusion 

Traders usually gather recent economic releases and compare the result with the previous result. Any better than expected result indicates a buying opportunity on a particular currency. On the other hand, traders often evaluate fundamental releases to measure the volatility of a currency pair.

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Forex Fundamental Analysis

What Is ‘Interbank Rate’ and What Impact Does It Have On The Forex Market?

Introduction

The Interbank rate is an essential tool used by the central authorities to control the money flow within the economy. Changes in the interbank rate can add or withdraw money from the system overall, which can stimulate growth or slow down the economy, respectively. The Interbank rate drives interest rates for bank loans, which are the significant sources of capital for businesses and the general public. The understanding of the Interbank rate is crucial for our analysis.

What is the Interbank Rate?

The interbank rate is the percentage rate at which the United States banks lend each other money. A country’s Central bank dictates the banking practices for the banks within the nation. For the United States, it is the Federal Reserve which decides the interest rates and the banking practices. The central banks, in general, demand 10% of their total deposits be held as reserves to maintain liquidity and meet withdrawal needs.

Based on the interbank rate, banks having excess cash can lend money to the banks, which are falling short of capital to meet their immediate requirements or to maintain their minimum reserves.

What is the Interbank Rate – Second Definition?

The interbank rate also refers to the rate at which banks exchange currencies in the global forex market. The forex market consists of an interbank market, which is a significant part of the forex market system overall. This interbank market consists of big players. Most of those are banks, large financial institutions, investment banks, and mutual funds corporations and do not include retail forex institutions or traders.

The interbank rate numbers are what you see when you search in Google the currency exchange rate for a particular pair, but this is not the rate at which you can trade a pair. This rate is only available for the interbank market participants who are usually big financial corporations trading in millions and billions. The price you see is a jacked-up price of the interbank rate in your platform. Your rate is the sum of interbank rate and the spread which your platform charges for trade as profit.

The minimum transaction in the interbank market is in millions; hence the retail traders will not be able to afford the interbank rate. The interbank market participants trade currencies to manage their exchange rate and control interest rate risk.

Although, you can neither control nor trade at the interbank rate, important for traders to be aware of the interbank rate to avoid getting scammed by Forex brokers who main charge way above the interbank rate. The decentralized system of Forex allows for self-regulation, and hence the interbank rates hand the actual exchange rates available to traders are competitive and self-correcting. However, novice traders who are not aware of this might lose money by paying an excessive spread to brokers.

Economic Reports

Federal Reserve determines the interbank rate, and the average of all the interbank rates in all the lending transactions between the banks in the United States is called the Fed Funds Rate.

The interbank credit system is applicable for a short period, usually ranging from overnight to a maximum of a week. Hence, the interbank rate is also called the Fed Funds Rate.

The Federal Reserve announces the Fed Funds Rate based on a variety of factors like inflation, GDP growth, recession, monetary policy, etc. On the 1st of every month, the Fed Funds Rate is released.

How can the Interbank Rate be Used for Analysis?

The Fed Funds Rate drives money in and out of the economy. The Fed Funds Rate drives the interest rate on bank loans that is available to the public and businesses.

A higher Fed Funds Rate would mean that loans are now expensive than before. To take a loan now would mean paying more interest rate. Hence the general public is discouraged from taking loans indirectly. On the other hand, now it would be more profitable to save as they receive a higher interest rate on their deposits. Both these factors can change the general public sentiment on money spending. A high-interest rate environment withdraws money from the economy, thereby slowing down economic activity as people are less willing to spend.

Conversely, a low interbank rate encourages banks to give loans at a cheaper rate, and hence more businesses and people will be able to afford loans; this will ultimately lead to the injection of money into the system overall. When more money is available to a company or an individual, the natural tendency is to increase spending, businesses may use for expansion plans. All of this will stimulate economic growth and result in printing higher levels of GDP.

Impact on Currency

Traders and investors can use the Fed Funds Rate as part of their analysis. Since Central authorities use the fed funds rate to manage the economy and money supply, a historical correlation of interest rates with GDP growth rates can help us to determine the direction of the economy and the value of its currency.  It is a proportional indicator meaning higher interbank rates relate to currency appreciating phenomenon and vice versa.

Higher Interbank rates result in banks paying out higher interest rates for deposits, which can also attract foreign investors to purchase domestic currency to make a deposit and earn better returns on their investment.  Therefore, an increase in capital flowing into the economy and decreased local currency circulation in the rest of the world, thereby increasing its demand and worth.

A low interbank rate results in increased money flow into the system, which can be inflationary, thereby depreciating the purchasing power of its currency. Conversely, a higher interbank rate results in decreased money circulation in the system, which will be deflationary for the economy, and the reduced demand for goods and services will increase the purchasing power of the currency as people would tend to save than spend.

Even though the interbank rate changes do not immediately get reflected in the macroeconomic numbers like GDP and currency value, it is a slow indicator in that sense that it takes a particular time (weeks to few months) to show its effect in actuality. It is also important to know that the authorities use the interbank rate as a response or corrective measure to the current economic situation.

It is more of a gate check for inflation or deflation. It is more of an effect to a cause and not a cause in itself. It is a passive indicator in comparison to other indicators. It reflects more the past and current economic activities than upcoming financial situations. The initial temporary volatility in the currency after the news release is typical, but the long term effect reflects after a certain number of weeks only.

Sources of Interbank Rates

We can find out the Fed Funds Rate from the official website of the Federal Reserve System of the United States: Federal Reserve SystemSelected Interest Rates. We can also find a historical graphical representation of the effective fed fund rate changes in the St. Louis FRED website. For reference – Fed Fund Rate

Impact of Interbank Rate News Announcement   

The ultimate goal of any fundamental analysis is usually to determine if there will be a hike or a cut in the interest rates. As mentioned earlier, the interbank rate can also be referred to as the Federal funds rate. In the US, the Federal Reserve releases the interbank rate is determined by the FOMC which meets eight times in a year to set this rate

Below is a screengrab of the Federal Funds Rate from Forex Factory. On the right, we can see a legend that indicates the level of impact the Fundamental Indicator has on the corresponding currency.

The snapshot below shows the latest release of the Federal Funds Rate on July 29, 2020, at 1.00 PM ET. In the latest release, the FOMC recommended that the rate remains within the target of 0% and 0.25%. This range was within the analysts’ expectations.

It is worth noting that this year, the Federal Reserve has conducted two emergency rate cuts to combat the Coronavirus inflicted economic shocks. The first emergency rate cut was on March 3, 2020, at 10.00 AM ET, as shown by the screenshot below. The Federal funds rate was reduced to a target range of 1.00% to 1.25% from the previous range of 1.50% to 1.75%.

At another unscheduled emergency meeting on March 15, 2020, at 4.00 PM ET, the FOMC cut the federal funds rate by 1.00% to a target range of 0.00% to 0.25%.

Now, let’s see how this news release made an impact on the Forex price charts.

EUR/USD: Before Interbank Rate release on July 29, 2020, Just Before 1.00 PM ET

As shown on the above 15-minute chart of the EUR/USD, the pair was on a progressing uptrend between 7.45 AM and 12.45 PM ET. This uptrend as evidenced by the subsequent bullish candles forming above the 20-period Moving Average.

EUR/USD: After Interbank Rate release on July 29, 2020, 1.00 PM ET

After the FOMC release of the Federal funds rate, there is a renewed volatility in the market. The initial market reaction was negative for USD since the FOMC kept the rate unchanged. The rate release did not result in a shift in the trend since most traders anticipate it and price in their expectations in the market.

Let’s quickly see how this new release has impacted some of the other major Forex currency pairs.

GBP/USD: Before Interbank Rate release on July 29, 2020, Just Before 1.00 PM ET

GBP/USD: After Interbank Rate release on July 29, 2020, 1.00 PM ET

The GBP/USD pair shows similar trends, as observed with the EUR/USD. There is a steady uptrend hours before the interbank rate release. Market volatility is present after the news release but not significant enough to alter the prevailing trend.

USD/CAD: Before Interbank Rate release on July 29, 2020, Just Before 1.00 PM ET

USD/CAD: After Interbank Rate release on July 29, 2020, 1.00 PM ET

For the USD/CAD pair, a weak uptrend is observed, with candles forming just around the 20-period Moving Average. After the interbank rate release, the pair shows the same weakness for the USD as observed with the EUR/USD and the GBP/USD.

Bottom Line

The interbank rate is a high-impact fundamental indicator in the forex market. The FOMC Statement, however, dampens its impact since it is focused on the future. It is therefore advisable for traders to avoid opening significant positions before this news release. Furthermore, reading the FOMC statement will help to gauge whether the Fed is hawkish or dovish about the future.

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Forex – Predicting Interest Rate Changes For Maximising Profit!

Predicting Interest Rate Changes to Improve FOREX Profits

One of the biggest factors influencing the foreign exchange market is interest rate changes that are made by some of the eight global central banks.
These changes are acting as indirect responses to other economic indicators, and they can potentially move the market sharply and immediately. As surprise rate changes almost always have a great impact on traders, understanding how to react to or even predict these volatile moves can lead to higher profits.

How Rates Are Calculated

Each central bank’s board of directors has control over the monetary policy of its country. This includes control over the short-term interest rate at which banks borrow from one another. Central banks often hike rates in order to curb their inflation, while they cut rates to encourage lending as well as to inject money into the economy.

Typically, the Central bank will decide what to do by examining the most relevant economic indicators; such as:

The Consumer Price Index
Consumer spending
Employment levels
Housing market
Subprime market

Predicting Central Bank interest Rates

A trader can estimate the rate change range by examining these indicators themselves. Typically, as the aforementioned indicators improve, the rates will need to be raised or (if the change is small) to stay at the same level. On the other hand, any significant drops in these indicators should be a sign of a possible rate cut to encourage borrowing.

Major announcements are another way central bank leaders can let people know how the rates will change. Whenever a board of directors from any central bank is scheduled to talk publicly, the news on how the particular Central bank views the current economic position will be revealed.

Traders can also estimate rates by averaging forecasts made by financial institutions, though this estimate would be second-hand and, therefore, less reliable.

Surprise Rate Changes

No matter how calculated a trader is, Central banks can, without any prior notice, deliver a surprise rate change. However, this may not be such a bad thing as the effect on the market is sharp, immediate, and most notably:

PREDICTABLE.
If there is a rate hike, the currency will almost always appreciate. Traders should act quickly and buy the currency as soon as possible. On the other hand, interest rate cuts indicate a currency going down in price, and traders should sell or short. Trading trend reversals is also a viable strategy, as the market will most likely overextend while performing a sudden and intense move.

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44. Analyzing The Forex Market – Fundamental Analysis

Introduction

We’ve now come to one of the most exciting topics in this course, which is analyzing the Forex market. Now that we know the history and the working of the Forex market, we’re all set to predict the future of the market. Several types of analyses are used by traders across the world to analyze the  Forex market. However, these analyses can broadly be classified into three types.

In this lesson, and the lessons coming forward, we shall be discussing all these three types of analyses.

Types of Forex market analysis

The three types of forex market analysis are:

  1. Fundamental analysis
  2. Technical analysis
  3. Sentimental analysis

Now, you must be wondering which one of them is best for analyzing the markets. Well, if you look at the most successful professional traders in the industry, they analyze the market by considering all the types. In this lesson, let’s understand the most essential Fundamental Analysis.

Fundamental Analysis

Fundamental analysis, as the name pretty much suggests, is the way of analyzing the market by studying the economic, social, and political forces in the country. These factors are considered because they affect the supply and demand of an asset.

The whole idea of trading using fundamental analysis is by considering the factors that affect the supply and demand of a currency. These factors are technically referred to as fundamental or economic indicators.

The concept behind this type of analysis is straightforward. If a country’s currency or economic outlook is good, then there is a high probability that the currency will show strength in the future and vice-versa.

What are the major economic indicators?

Below are some of the economic indicators which have the power to shift the economic situation of a country.

Interest rates

One of the most popular and important economic indicators are interest rates. There are several types of interest rates, but we will be focusing on the basic form of the interest rates set by the central banks. Central banks are the creators of money. This money is borrowed by private banks. And the percentage (interest) or the principle the private banks pay to central banks for borrowing the money is called a nominal or a base interest rate.

If the central banks wish to boost the economy, they decrease the interest rates. This then stimulates borrowing by both private banks and other individuals. And this, in turn, increases consumption, production, and the overall economy. Lowering the interest rates can be a good way to inflate the economy but can be a poor strategy too. Because in the long term, low-interest rates can over-inflate the economy with cash and create an unbalance in the money supply.

So, to avoid this, central banks increase interest rates. And this increase results in less money in the hands of private banks, businesses, and individuals to play around with.

Inflation

Inflation, as the name pretty much says, is fluctuation in the cost of goods over time. Inflation, too, is a vital indicator for economists and investors to forecast the future economy. Inflation will have a good effect on the economy if done uniformly. But, too much inflation can bring the balance of supply and demand on the tip in favor of the supply. And this eventually will bring down the value of the currency.

Apart from these two, there are many other macroeconomic indicators that traders consider to do their fundamental analysis. Some of them include GDP, PPI, CPI, Unemployment Rate, Government Debt, etc. Indicators like these help the investors & traders in analyzing the market and predicting its future.

This completes the lesson on fundamental analysis. In the next lesson, let us understand the insights about technical analysis. Don’t forget to take the quiz below before moving ahead!

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