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Crypto Guides

What Should You Know About The ‘Concordium’ Blockchain Platform

Introduction

Business payments have to be made secure and transparent. It is true that blockchain and its products have always helped businesses in providing the right efficiency. Yet again, a blockchain-powered product has made its inception into the industry, offering better privacy and accountability of the payments. Concordium platform is a reformed open-source and permissionless blockchain product made with business applications. In this article, we are going to talk about the Concordium articles and everything you need to know about it.

What is Concordium?

It is a proof-of-stake blockchain that has been created with business applications. Concordium is also the first blockchain that comes with identification embedded in the protocol that helps in meeting the requirements facilitating a user-friendly platform. It is primarily designed to be cost-effective, secure, and fast. The identity layer offers on-chain identity compliance centric payments and better privacy for the users.

What About Its Structure?

The two-layer consensus protocol comprises Nakamoto-style blockchain, and the finality layer is meant for faster transaction confirmation. The sharing design facilitates high transaction throughput and enhanced privacy for the business’s sensitive data. Another feather in the cap is designing two new languages for the smart contract code, making the development much easier. The platform also has a transparent incentive structure with predictable fees and cost-effective transactions.

What Are The Best Features of Concordium?

Now that you have understood the platform, let’s take a peek into the feature that will give you a better understanding.

Regulatory Compliance By Design: It is primarily designed to make business transactions faster, secure, and cost-effective. Concordium is designed in a way to integrate the financial system with the user’s identity. It helps the developers, businesses, and individuals to build blockchain products that comply with regulations.

Privacy and Verification of Users: The identity layer of Concordium offers a compliance-centric balance in accountability and anonymity. The user’s identity will remain anonymous, but it can be revoked against a valid request from the government or legal channels.

Fast Transactions: The most important takeaway of this platform is its fast transactions. It has set a benchmark by making the transactions fast enough in accordance with transactions per second. Concordium is made to meet the ever-evolving needs of businesses on a global scale. The platform has taken a major leap compared to other blockchain technology.

Consistent Uptime: The platform is designed for dynamic business use cases with a focus on the uptime requirements. The two-layer consensus is designed to ensure that the platform is secure and available for the changing conditions. So far, the platform has achieved speedups and efficiency.

The Bottom Line

Concordium is created to bring innovation and efficiency to the business transaction. The platform vision to unlock blockchain’s potential and put it to best use for the future economy. The community of Concordium currently involves developers, investors, business leaders, and technologists who are advocating it throughout the world. If you are also willing to enter the arena, you can connect via attending the event, joining the online communities, or entering the ambassador program.

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Crypto Guides

Is EOS A Better Investment Than Ethereum Right Now?

Introduction

EOS and Ethereum both are popular blockchain smart contract platforms. To know whether EOS is a better investment or Ethereum, we will need to compare the two technologies by exploring basic concepts and comparing their mechanisms to draw out the necessary conclusions. After Ethereum was introduced in the crypto industry, two years later, EOS was launched and claimed to fix the flaws in Ethereum. EOS is a strong, scalable contender and might outperform Ethereum. The battle of EOS vs. Ethereum is the most interesting and happening space in the crypto industry. 

What is Ethereum?

Ethereum is a blockchain platform launched in 2015 by Vitalik Buterin. It allows users to send and receive funds independently without the assistance of any third party. It was the first blockchain project to install the smart technology contract. In this technology, some predefined conditions are applied, and users are needed to justify the conditions to proceed with transactions without the need for an intermediate body. This decentralized blockchain has its own cryptocurrency called Ether (ETH), which is tradable in most of the crypto exchanges. 

What is EOS?

EOS is a new blockchain platform that can also manage smart contracts. The Block.one company launched this project in 2017. It has created history by raising the highest Initial Coin Offering(ICO), worth more than $2.5 billion. It has its own EOS coin, which can be transferred from wallet to wallet. EOS aims to become the most scalable, cheapest, and fastest blockchain platform. 

Scalability

Presently Ethereum can support 15 transactions per second, whereas EOS can serve up to at least 10,000 transactions/second. EOS using IoT provides for inter-blockchain communication, which creates blockchains to allow more transactions. Ethereum is working on two protocols called “Plasma” and “Sharding” to increase transaction numbers per second. 

Transaction Cost

On Ethereum, users need to pay gas for each transaction, but EOS works completely in a different way. EOS blockchain users deposit their token to cover the bandwidth required for the transaction. 

Consensus Mechanism

Ethereum is based upon the proof-of-work model, and EOS follows the proof-of-stake model. The transactions are verified without the support of any intermediate system. Ethereum generates random puzzles at every node before confirming the transactions. These puzzles are so difficult to solve that you need to take the help of experts called “Miners.” While EOS offers to stake your coins to verify transactions, the stakers have a chance to earn the rewards. 

EOS Vs. Ethereum: Who holds the future?

Ethereum, just after Bitcoin, is the most popular cryptocurrency across the world. EOS, right from its initial days, is performing exceptionally well. EOS is yet to achieve growth that Ethereum has already achieved, but EOS is significantly better than Ethereum. EOS is a more user-friendly cryptocurrency than ETH. It’s still too early to think about how far EOS will go because the blockchain ecosystem is highly unpredictable. 

Conclusion 

EOS is younger than Ethereum and has improved scalability and transaction fees as compared to Ethereum, but still, it’s under so much controversy because of its more centralized layout. If Ethereum successfully implements the proof-of-stake mechanism, then EOS might not be able to outperform it. On the other hand, if Ethereum doesn’t reduce it’s transaction costs, then EOS will easily overtake Ethereum soon is what crypto experts believe. Cheers! 

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Crypto Guides

Architecture and Operation of Blockchain Technology

Introduction

We can obtain the definition of Blockchain by dissecting it into its two words: block and chain. Hence, Blockchain is a chain of blocks having some information in it. Using a blockchain is a way of time-stamping digital documents so that it’s not possible to backdate or tamper them. This secure technology can be used for the transfer of various items such as digital currency, property, contracts, etc. And the primary feature of any blockchain is its decentralized nature. There is no central authority or banks to control the transactions.

Blockchain Architecture and Operation

The architecture and functioning of blockchain go hand in hand. As already mentioned, blockchain is a chain of blocks containing some valuable information. The type of blockchain depends on the data that is present inside a block. For example, a block in a Bitcoin blockchain contains information on who is sending how many bitcoins to whom. Another essential piece in the blockchain is the hash.

Understanding Hash

In simple terms, the hash is the fingerprint of a block. It is unique to each block and is mainly used for the identification of a block. If the content in the block changes, the hash of block changes as well. So, a block has three components:

  1. Data (Sender, Receiver & Amount)
  2. Hash
  3. Hash of the previous block

In technical terms, blockchain is designed using the principles of a linked list. Blocks containing a hash of the previous blocks is what makes blockchain so secure.

Proof of Work

Hashes are an excellent way to avoid tampering of data. But, computers today are fast enough to calculate hundreds of thousands of hashes per second. This makes it pretty convenient for a hacker to tamper a block, and recalculate all the hashes of other blocks and the blockchain valid.

To avoid the occurrence of this situation, Bitcoin blockchains use the concept of Proof-of-Work. This concept is a computational problem that takes efforts to solve. In the case of Bitcoin, it typically takes 10 minutes to calculate the required proof-of-work and add a block to the blockchain. So, this makes it extremely time consuming and challenging for hackers to tamper a block.

Distributed P2P Network

Blockchain is known for its distributed peer to peer network. Anyone is allowed to enter the network. When someone enters the network, he will get a full copy of the network.

When a new block is created, it is broadcasted to all the nodes in the network. Each node verifies this block and makes sure it hasn’t tampered. After verification, each node adds this block to its blockchain. Later, all the nodes create a consensus. They agree about the legitimacy of the blocks and accept or reject it. If the block is verified successfully by consensus, it is added to the main blockchain. This is when the block gets its first confirmation. And when around four confirmations are received, the transaction is said to be completed successfully.

Summary

  1. There are four steps involved in the working of a blockchain.
  2. Some person makes a cryptocurrency transaction.
  3. The transaction is broadcasted to a distributed P2P network.
  4. The nodes in the network validate the transaction with the help of some algorithms.
  5. Once the transaction is verified, the new block is added to the existing blockchain.

This is how the blockchain technology works. Let us know if you have any questions below. Cheers.

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Crypto Guides

Consensus & Its Importance In Any Existing Cryptocurrency

Introduction

In most of our previous articles, we have discussed a lot of topics regarding cryptocurrencies. We now know the properties of cryptos, advantages, and their fundamental purpose. In this article, let’s discuss the concept of consensus and why it is essential for the existence of any cryptocurrency.

The consensus algorithm plays a vital role in validating the transactions of any crypto network. One of the crucial reasons for the success of cryptos is its ability to handle the problem of double-spending adequately. And this also an important reason for the failure of digital currencies before Bitcoin; they weren’t able to solve the problem of double-spending. So let’s see what this problem is about.

Double Spending

Double spending is a fraud where the same money is promised for two different transactions but is spent on making only one transaction in real. This is a significant problem for digital currencies because the entire system is decentralized, and there is no entity confirming the authenticity of the transactions. The cryptos after Bitcoin alleviate this problem by waiting for the confirmation of the payments. During this wait time (which is very minimal in general), the transactions are validated by the users present in the blockchain network using the ‘consensus’ algorithms.

The consensus here is nothing but a mutual agreement within all the partiers that are present in a cryptocurrency network. The majority of the validators must approve the transactions, and this is made possible by the consensus algorithm. Also, because of this protocol, a crypto network cannot be controlled by a single person or a group of people. Now, let’s look at two of the most important and equally reliable consensus mechanisms – Proof of Work & Proof of Stake.

Proof of Work (POW)

Proof of Work is used by Bitcoin blockchain. This consensus algorithm proposes a mathematical problem for the miners in the network. To solve this challenge, high power computing devices are used, and thereby a lot of electricity is consumed. The first one to solve the problem gets to validate the transactions and communicate the same to all the other miners in the network through gossip protocol. Then all the other miners verify the transactions and seal them in a block.

The crux here is this. To solve this challenge, the miner uses a considerable amount of power and hardware, which is a costly process. Hence, one would be honest enough to not validate faulty transactions as a lot of stake from the user side is already expended. This is how POW makes the miners be reliable and run the blockchain efficiently. They are rewarded with the in-house cryptos for doing this work. Though the POW consensus algorithm is the most efficient one out there, it is the costliest of all the consensus algorithms and not eco-friendly, which is the need of the hour.

Proof of Stake (POS)

In this consensus protocol, the participants who want to be the validators must stake some of the native cryptocurrency in a virtual safe for a specified period. The network randomly picks the validators based on certain methods. The two most used methods are ‘Randomized Block Selection’ and ‘Coin Age Selection.’ In Randomized block selection, the validator is chosen based on the highest stake and lowest hash value. While in the Coin Age Selection, the validators are picked based on the duration of the native currency staked in the virtual safe. Dash and Peer coin are examples of cryptos that use POS.

Why is POS more reliable than POW? 

POS algorithm uses considerably less energy compared to POW. Hence, the process is less expensive, and most importantly, it is eco-friendly. Also, the POS protocol fulfills the fundamental property of blockchain as it serves the purpose of complete decentralization. This is not the case in POW because currently, there are large mining pools who mine cryptos (Bitcoins, for example) and get the maximum reward. But that’s not possible in POS, making them truly decentralized.

Conclusion

Apart from these two, there are other major consensuses like Delegated Proof of Stake (DPOS), Proof of Burn (PoB), Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET), and Proof of Activity (PoA). These protocols are gaining momentum because of their efficiency and eco-friendly nature. However, a lot of research is still happening to develop more efficient and cost-effective consensuses. We hope you find this article worthful. Let us know if you have any questions in the comments below.

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Cryptocurrencies

The ultimate guide to cryptocurrency mining

So, can you still make enough money out of crypto mining in 2019? This simple guide tells you everything you need to know about cryptocurrency mining. And acts as the perfect launchpad to a successful crypto mining career.

The concept of cryptocurrency mining is often baffling to people outside cryptoverse and even to some inside it. Cryptocurrency mining, a.k.a crypto mining, is the process by which transactions between cryptocurrency users are verified and added on to the long list in the public blockchain ledger. The same process also introduces new coins into the circulating supply of a particular cryptocurrency.

Cryptomining is achieved via the use of specialized computers. Technically, anyone with a computer and internet can mine cryptocurrency. The only problem in actual success with crypto mining depends on several factors, such as which crypto you’re mining, how powerful your computer is, and the cost of electricity where you live. (More on that later). Depending on all these factors, crypto mining may be more expensive – both financially and time-wise – than anything you’re gaining from it.

Who Are Cryptocurrency Miners? 

Cryptominers are sometimes called the backbone of many cryptocurrency networks. And they’re worthy of this title because they are the ones responsible for issuing new crypto coins, validating transactions, and ensuring the security of blockchain networks.   

Bitcoin miners use specialized computers known as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), which are designed for the sole purpose of mining cryptocurrency. ASIC miners are usually designed to mine a specific cryptocurrency. This means a Bitcoin ASIC miner can only mine bitcoin. A Litecoin ASIC miner can only mine Litecoin, and so on. 

As cryptocurrency has increased in value, so have more cryptominers jumped into the bandwagon. As such, crypto mining has become so competitive that it’s no longer profitable to mine alone. Today, most cryptocurrency mining is done by “mining pools” in warehouses that have low-cost electric power. 

Mining pools are made of a group of miners who agree to share block rewards in proportion to the amount of work that each contributed to finding a new block (a block is essentially a collection of unconfirmed transactions plus a set of data about those transactions) 

What Is Hash Rate? 

Hash power, or hash rate, is the measure of the processing power of a mining computer. The higher the hash rate, the faster the next block on the blockchain network is found. The creator of the first cryptocurrency – Satoshi Nakamoto – intended for Bitcoin to be mined via computer CPUs. However, innovative programmers soon discovered they could derive more hashing power from graphic cards and wrote mining software to facilitate this. 

Graphic cards were then surpassed by Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), which were soon phased out by ASICs, which packed inordinately more hashing and staying power. Nowadays, all serious crypto mining is done with ASICs, usually in low-cost electricity areas and in thermally-regulated areas. (Data mining centers are thermally regulated because the power ASICs consumes ends up as so much heat.)

What Is The Purpose Of Mining And How Does It Work? 

Cryptocurrency mining is actually another term to refer to a type of validation model known as proof of work (PoW). Different cryptocurrencies utilize different validation models to facilitate their release into circulation. Apart from proof of work, the other more common validation model is proof of stake, which uses a random selection of stakeholders (coin holders) as transaction validators. 

However, in PoW – which is used by cryptos such as Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin, and others, miners compete with each other to solve computational puzzles to solve the next block. 

So, what is the point of mining at all? Mining is central to cryptocurrencies that rely on PoW TO keep the network functional. There are many intricacies involved with mining, but it has three most important functions which are as follows: 

It issues new coins into circulation.

Unlike fiat currency, which can be issued by the central bank at any time, mining is what facilitates the entry of new crypto coins into circulation. The issuance of new coins is set in the cryptocurrency code, so miners cannot manipulate the system or create new coins out of thin air. 

It validates transactions on the network 

When transactions are sent on the blockchain network, miners include these transactions in their blocks. A transaction is only considered secure and complete once it’s recorded on the blockchain – because that’s when it’s added on the public blockchain.

It secures the blockchain network 

Miners keep the blockchain network secure from attacks. The more miners are on the network, the more secure the network is. The only way to sabotage a blockchain network is for one miner to have more than 51% of the network’s hash power, which is near impossible with the many different miners working on the network across the globe.

How Miners Make Money and Block Rewards

Block rewards refer to the crypto coins that are awarded by a blockchain network to block miners each time they mine a block successfully. These rewards are issued by cryptocurrencies that use the proof of work consensus mechanism. Most miners channel these rewards back to the ecosystem to fuel their mining costs while keeping the rest.

Bitcoin – the first cryptocurrency and the pioneer of cryptocurrency, currently rewards miners with 12.5 BTC for each mined block. In the beginning, miners were rewarded with 50 BTC. Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator(s) of Bitcoin, embedded “halving” – or what’s colloquially referred to as “halvening” in cryptoverse, into the system so that the block reward is slashed into two after every 210,000 blocks have been mined. Bitcoin’s halvening happens after about every four years. 

Another example is Litecoin, which also halves its mining rewards. Litecoin’s halving occurs after every 840,000 blocks. As of November 2019, the block reward for the cryptocurrency is 12.5, having been halved from 25 in August.

The question that bugs many in cryptosphere is this: what happens after these cryptocurrencies’ coins, and others that rely on mining, are all mined? How will miners be rewarded? Well, besides block rewards, these crypto’s protocols have also provided transaction fees as a means of reward. The transaction fees will shoot up once the maximum supply is achieved – in response to increased demand. Thus, new coins may no longer enter into circulation, but miners will still have a payday. 

Cryptocurrency Mining Step By Step

When a transaction is made on the blockchain, e.g., a user sending bitcoin to another user’s address, the transaction must be recorded – that is, the information must be indicated on a new block

  • This block must be secured and encrypted so that it cannot be reversed or modified, and is up for grabs for all miners on the network 
  • To encrypt the block, miners must find the solution to a computational puzzle through trial and error method in a race to find the proper cryptographic hash for the block. 
  • Once a miner finds a new block, it’s verified by other computers in the network in a process known as consensus and then added on the blockchain.
  • If a miner has successfully mined, verified, and secured the block, they are awarded newly created coins.

The Downsides to Cryptomining

Though mining is the lifeblood of certain cryptocurrencies, it comes with its own share of challenges. Some of these are as below: 

Complexity: Cryptomining is not for the uninitiated. Even people with a pretty good grasp of cryptocurrencies and blockchains might find themselves befuddled in the first few days. What’s more, you’ll need to assemble a range of equipment such as a customized mining computer, an ASIC chip, cooling equipment, and so on. 

On top of that, you’ll need to read a lot, keep abreast of what’s happening in the crypto world, and be prepared to make mistakes once in a while.  

Electricity Costs – Mining can prove quite expensive, mainly because it consumes a lot of electricity. The ASIC computers and the massive servers involved usually rake up enormous power bills. Bitcoin mining is especially electricity-intensive – so much that it has raised questions from ecologists who argue that it’s becoming a threat to the environment. 

Current estimates show that the current global power consumption by Bitcoin mining is a minimum of 22 terawatt-hours per year – which is almost the same as the annual power consumption by Ireland. 

Hardware Costs – Mining farms need to spend a lot of money to purchase stronger equipment every other few months as the prior equipment becomes obsolete due to increased mining competition. The cooling systems further add up to the hardware costs. 

Vulnerability: The proof of work model is vulnerable to an individual or an entity gaining control of 51% of the network’s computing power. If this were to happen, it would essentially hold the network hostage. The more dominant mined cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Litecoin, Bitcoin, and Monero are safe from this nature of attacks. However, smaller cryptocurrencies that require longer block processing durations and have weaker daily volumes could fall prey easily. 

Conclusion

The concept of cryptocurrency mining is fun, as it can be confusing. This guide should lift part of the mystery surrounding the concept. It has been interesting to see the evolution of crypto mining – from being able to mine from the comfort of your home on your PC to dedicated warehouses solely for mining. The innovation of ideas that have gone into the space is also exciting, and we can only wait to see what more the enterprising mining community comes up with in the future.   

 

 

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Crypto Guides

Understanding The Basics Of Binance Coin

Introduction

For crypto enthusiasts, Binance is a well-known word as it is one of the largest cryptocurrency exchanges. The word Binance is a portmanteau of Binary and Finance. Binance coin was initially launched on the Ethereum platform and later was moved on to the Binance’s proprietary blockchain (Binance Chain).

Binance was founded by its CEO Changpeng Zhao who is known as CZ in the world of cryptocurrency, with co-founder & CTO Roger Wang.

Objective

The objective of the Binance coin creation was to serve as a medium for transaction fees, which includes trading fees, exchange fees, and listing fees on the Binance exchange. Just like Ether fuels the Ethereum blockchain platform, Binance coin fuels the Binance exchange. Like any other cryptocurrency, this coin can be traded as well in many of the cryptocurrency exchanges. Binance initially had its headquarters in China, and then in Japan, because of local government regulations. Finally, it had to move its headquarters to Malta.

Binance Coin ICO

Binance coin had its Initial Coin Offering from June 14th to June 27th in 2017. Before the  ICO happened, the network minted a total of 200 million tokens. 50% of the total tokens mined (100 million) were reserved for the ICO, and they raised approximately $15 million. The funds raised are used in three different ways; 35% of the funds raised were used to build and maintain the platform. 50% of the funds were used for branding and marketing the platform. The remaining 15% are reserved for emergency contingencies.

Fee model of the exchange

As mentioned earlier, in Binance exchange, BNB acts as a token for transaction fees. There is a benefit for using BNB token for transaction fees in the exchange. At present, Binance charges 0.1% on each trade, but if we use BNB token for transacting, the exchange offers a discount. For the first year, the concession stands at 50%, and from there on, it will be halved till the 4th year. That means, for the second year the discount would be at 25%, the third year it is 12.5% and 6.75% for the fourth year. From the fifth year onwards there wouldn’t be any discounts. Hence, there are high chances of the coin value to get depreciated as the discount decreases for each passing year. Therefore to combat the depreciation, Binance plans to burn 50% of its coins, i.e., a total of 100 million coins overtime to stabilize the currency.

Consensus 

Binance Chain uses the Tendermint Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) consensus mechanism. The network uses different types of nodes in the system to validate and broadcast the transactions to other nodes. Validator nodes, as the name suggests, validate the transactions in the network. Witness nodes act as a witness for the consensus process and broadcast transactions to all the nodes involved in the network. Finally, the accelerator nodes are owned by the organization to speed up the validation process.

Market Cap

Binance coin stands in eighth place in terms of market cap with a value of approximately 3 billion dollars. Each coin is traded at $19.91 as of 28/10/2019. The 24-hour trading volume is $353 million, while a total of 155 million BNB’s are available in the market as of now.

Conclusion

Binance coin is one of the most innovative cryptos out there in terms of its consensus and usage. As discussed, the founders plan to burn 50% of their coins to stabilize the value of the currency. 20% of the profits are to be burnt every quarter, eventually burning 100 million of the existing tokens. By looking at the history of the coin, the industry experts believe that the currency will sustain the market and emerge as one of the leading cryptocurrencies due to its strong backing and security.

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Crypto Guides

Litecoin – Short guide to The Bitcoin Of Altcoins!

Introduction

Litecoin is an early Bitcoin spinoff as it was started in October 2011. It was created by Charlie Lee, who was a Google employee and a former director at Coinbase. Litecoin is a peer to peer cryptocurrency released via an open-source client through Github under the MIT/X11 license. It is one of the most commonly traded coins in the world of cryptocurrency and has a market value of billions. Forked initially from Bitcoin protocol, Litecoin takes the underlying source code from Bitcoin and making specific changes to increase the transaction speed of the network.

Objective

Litecoin is famously called silver to the bitcoin’s gold, i.e., in the world of cryptocurrency; if bitcoin is gold, then Litecoin is like silver. Mainly Litecoin was developed to overcome the shortcomings of Bitcoin. When it comes to the block time (the time taken to generate a block), Litecoin takes 2.5 mins to create a block while bitcoin takes 10 mins for the same. Hence, the Litecoin network is four times faster than the Bitcoin network.

Consensus Used

Litecoin uses a proof of work algorithm called Scrypt. Unlike Bitcoin’s Proof of work algorithm (SHA 256), Scrypt is more efficient as it prevents customization for hardware solutions and favors high-speed random-access memory. Hence miners find it easy to mine without much complexity as this algorithm allows them to use central processing units or graphics processing units.

Market Capitalization

Litecoin is in sixth place in terms of market cap in the cryptocurrency world with $3.9 Billion value while the price of each coin is at $61.70 as of October 27th, 2019. 63.5 million number of coins are in circulation in the market with 24-hour trading volume as $4.3 Billion.

Price History

Litecoin was traded first with a price of $4.30 in April 2013. By November 2013, it was selling at a double-digit price of $35.78. The form then has seen a continuous downfall and maintained a moderate standard rate until April 2017. It had seen a slow and steady rise from April 2017 with $10.28 to $297.18 in Jan 2018. The coin has yet again seen a downfall in 2018, with a price of $30.99 by December 31st, 2018. This crypto has been performing well in 2019 when compared to the previous year, with its highest rate in the year with $145.45 in June 2019. Industry experts are bullish about the growth of the coin due to its transaction speed and other vital properties.

Total number of Coins

Cryptocurrencies have a cap when it comes to production. While Bitcoin has a cap of 21 million coins, Litecoin has a cap of 84 million coins, which means only 84 million Litecoins can be ever mined from the network.

Rewards

For running and maintaining the network, the miners are rewarded for each block generated. Litecoin network rewards the miners with 25 Litecoins for every block generated. However, the reward gets halved for every 8,40,000 blocks made. In August 2019, the network halved the rewards as the milestone was reached, and hence the reward as of now per block is only 12.5 LTC.

Bottom line

The main aim of any cryptocurrency is to stabilize itself as a medium of exchange. While Litecoin has approximately around 100,000 users, it is nowhere near to be the standard medium of exchange amongst the cryptocurrencies. Still, as the usage of cryptocurrencies increases, Litecoin holds an excellent position to attain the place due to its transaction speed.

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Crypto Guides

How Does A Cryptocurrency Work? (Example – Bitcoin)

In the previous articles, we have learned the definition, properties, and purpose of cryptocurrency. But it is vital for us to know how cryptocurrencies work. In this article, let us find out that by taking the example of Bitcoin.

Below are some of the important terminologies you should know before going further.

Peer to Peer Network (P2P) – The networks where computational devices are joined together with the internet instead of using a central server are called peer to peer networks. Hence there is less chance of a network failure than the standard server model to form a network.

Miners – Miners are the participants in the network who validate transactions. Thus, the creation of new Bitcoins is often referred to as the mining of bitcoins.

Nodes – The individual computational devices in the network are called nodes. The nodes are joined to form a P2P network.

Consensus algorithms – To validate the transactions, the miners in the network should agree whether a transaction is valid or not. The blockchain network uses consensus algorithms to get this job done.

How does the Bitcoin network work?

The blockchain network is set up in a peer to peer way, enabling decentralization of the network effectively, removing the server model. Bitcoin network bundles a certain number of transactions into a block, and these blocks are linked using cryptographic hashing techniques. The miner should validate these blocks for the authenticity of the transactions. To confirm them, the system proposes a challenge to the miners, and the first miner to solve the problem, propagates the message throughout the network. The solution to the challenge is called ‘nonce.’ The complexity of finding this nonce increase as the number of blocks keeps increasing in the system. The other miners validate and approve the transactions if the transactions are not fraudulent.

Bitcoin as reward

The miner who achieves the solution first gets rewarded in the network in the form of Bitcoins. This is how and why the Bitcoins are generated in the network. The miners should be rewarded to keep them motivated and committed to the network. Without miners, the network wouldn’t be sustainable.

To transact Bitcoins in the network, users must pay transaction fees as well. These transaction fees are also in Bitcoin. Hence these transaction fees and Bitcoins generated are paid as a reward to the miners for validating the transactions.

POW as a consensus algorithm

Bitcoin uses Proof of Work (POW) as a consensus algorithm. POW proposes a challenge to the network, which is to be solved to validate the transactions. But why is it necessary? Because POW discourages denial of service. Below are the steps involved in POW in general.

  • The service requester requests service from the service provider.
  • The service provider gives a challenge that should be a bit complex for the service requester to resolve but easy enough for the service provider to check.
  • The service provider proposes this challenge to avoid the exploitation of the service from the service requester.

The exact same concept is used in the Bitcoin network, as well. The miner must expend a considerable amount of computational energy and electricity to solve the challenge. Because by doing this, he/she will not validate fraudulent transactions to be accurate. If they do validate fake transactions, they will lose all the time and computational power they spent and also the chance of gaining a reward. POW is the most efficient consensus algorithm so far, and it makes the Bitcoin network efficient.

We hope you understood the working of Bitcoin. Cryptocurrencies other than Bitcoin with different blockchains and consensus work in a different way. You will know about each of them in the upcoming articles. Let us know if you have any questions in the comments below. Cheers!