Tag: public and private keys

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Cryptocurrencies

A Simple Guide to Cold and Hot Wallets

Cryptocurrency wallets are software or devices that allow users to send, receive, and store cryptocurrency.  Most cryptocurrencies have designed their own wallets, e.g., Bitcoin has the Bitcoin wallet, Ethereum has

Cryptocurrency wallets are software or devices that allow users to send, receive, and store cryptocurrency.  Most cryptocurrencies have designed their own wallets, e.g., Bitcoin has the Bitcoin wallet, Ethereum has

Cryptocurrency wallets are software or devices that allow users to send, receive, and store cryptocurrency.  Most cryptocurrencies have designed their own wallets, e.g., Bitcoin has the Bitcoin wallet, Ethereum has the Ethereum Wallet, and Litecoin has Litecoin-QT. However, there are some companies that design third-party wallets that allow you to store more than one type of cryptocurrency. If you want to interact with any cryptocurrency, i.e., sending, storing, and spending, a cryptocurrency wallet is necessary.

There are two broad categories of wallets: hot and cold wallets. In this explainer, we delve into what makes a wallet hot or cold, the pros and cons of each, and how to stay safe when handling crypto – whether you’re using a hot or cold wallet.

What Are Hot and Cold Storage Wallets?

The terms hot and cold wallets are used to describe the medium that is storing a cryptocurrency. Hot wallets are purely online-based, while cold wallets are offline-based. In other words, hot wallets are connected to the internet, while cold wallets are not.

A hot wallet is hosted online through platforms that offer these storage services. A user entrusts their public and private keys to the platform, which then secures and manages it for them.  Many hot wallets are free – all you need to do is sign up and start using the service. It’s advisable not to store huge amounts of cryptocurrencies in a hot wallet – they are vulnerable to hacking. Also, you should research intensively before committing to one type of hot wallet. This is due to the following reasons:

☑️ Some hot wallet providers are not providers at all – they are scam projects looking to rip off oblivious users

☑️ Different hot wallet providers provide different user interface experience

☑️ Some hot wallets are designed to work in tandem with other apps or to support only certain cryptocurrencies

☑️ Different hot wallet providers have varying levels of expertise, commitment to safety and security, and different end goals

☑️ Some hot wallet providers are willing to continuously upgrade their model to keep up with changing hacking tricks, while others are not

Cold wallets are considered the safest crypt wallets because they are immune to cyber-attacks and other on line hazards.

Just like with hot wallets, you should consider the following factors before committing to any cold wallet:

☑️ The wallet shouldn’t be too hard to use – choose a wallet that doesn’t need a lot of practice before you can get it right

☑️ The wallet should be convenient – while all cold wallets are more suitable for long term storage and HODLing, some provide more convenience in terms of size, being discreet, etc.

Types of Hot Wallets

Hot wallets fall mainly into two categories: cloud-based wallets and multi-signature wallets. What sets these categories apart is the number of keys that control the crypto account.

Cloud wallets store cryptocurrencies using any device that has an internet connection, including a smartphone or computer.

Multi-signature wallets, also known as multi-sig wallets, are wallets that require more than one key in order for the transaction to proceed. This makes it difficult for hackers to access the information or execute a brute force attack on the wallet (which is guessing multiple private keys until you find the right one.)

A multi-sig wallet may, for example, issue three private keys: one held by the host, the other by the user, and the other one by a third trusted party.

Types of Cold Wallets

There are two types of cold wallets, and these are hardware and paper wallets.

Hardware wallets are physical devices that keep your private keys on a hardware device with the look and functionality of a USB device. Some developers provide hardware devices that are compatible with several web interfaces, but not interacting with the internet at all. In the same way, hardware devices let you conduct online transactions without having your private key interact with the internet whatsoever.

Paper wallets, on the other hand, are generated by printing out your private key and storing it offline. A software program creates them offline and is then deleted afterward to erase any trace of the key.

Cold or Hot Wallets?

New crypto users often ask themselves this question: Which is better, cold, or hot wallets? Well, that depends on your needs.

If you’re going to be interacting with your crypto often, e.g., by active trading or paying for things regularly, then it’s best to operate an easy-to-access hot wallet. However, it’s highly recommended that you don’t keep large sums of crypto in a hot wallet since if it gets hacked, you will lose all your cryptos. In other words, store small sum, for-daily-use cryptos online, and keep the rest in cold storage.

In terms of security, cold wallets win hands down. They are safe from viruses, hacking, and other types of malware. Some developers even design them in such a manner that even if you plug them in a computer that has malware, it remains unscathed. However, cold wallets are susceptible to getting lost, a fire, water, or theft. The lesson here is to keep your cold wallet in a secure, private place safe from prying eyes, fire, water, and wear and tear.

As we’ve so far mentioned in this article, hot wallets are susceptible to internet hazards like hacking, phishing, scamming, and so on. Online wallet providers may put in place the most stringent security measures, but even that has been known to fail. The most foolproof measure to secure your online-based cryptos may be insurance. Some sites like Coinbase and Binance have insured their clients’ crypto assets in case of loss or theft, which is reassuring.

Based on this information, the decision to use hot or cold storage is entirely yours. However, you should first know the advantages and disadvantages of each type of wallet before deciding upon either. Here are the perks of hot and cold wallets together with their cons.

Pros and cons of hot and cold wallets

Pros of Hot Wallets

Most of them are free

They offer quick access to your cryptocurrency

They are easy to use

Cons of Hot Wallets

They are susceptible to cyber fraud and cannot guarantee full safety

Your funds can be permanently lost in the hands of your wallet provider.

Pros of Cold Wallets

They are secure and robust methods of storing crypto assets long-term

They are immune from cyber fraud

You don’t entrust them to a third party – you are in full control of your funds

Cons of Cold Wallets

They can be expensive, depending on the model

They are not ideal for day-to-day use or for making micropayments

They are susceptible to loss, theft or external damage

They are not convenient for trading purposes

Best Practices for Keeping Your Wallet Secure 

Whether you settle on a hot or cold wallet, you can save yourself a lot of heartache by taking some safety precautions:

  • Keep as little cryptocurrency as possible in the wallet that you use frequently
  • Use applications such as Google Authenticator to enhance security for your online wallet
  • Disable any automatic updates for your hot wallet
  • Don’t access your hot wallet via public Wi-Fi
  • Enable multiple-factor authentication for your wallet
  • Backup your wallet and keep the backups in several safe locations
  • Update your software regularly

Conclusion

If you’re looking to invest, trade, or make transactions using cryptocurrency, a crypto wallet is essential. A good wallet can be the difference between safely keeping your coins and losing them. The most important thing to remember is that hot or cold; your wallet’s safety largely depends on you. Also, remember to take your time and go over the available options before deciding to settle on any particular wallet.

Categories
Cryptocurrencies

Public and Private Keys: A must read before buying any cryptocurrency 

If you’ve heard of cryptocurrency, you’ve probably also heard of private and public keys, or at least private and public address. You’ve also probably wondered about the concept behind them.

If you’ve heard of cryptocurrency, you’ve probably also heard of private and public keys, or at least private and public address. You’ve also probably wondered about the concept behind them.

If you’ve heard of cryptocurrency, you’ve probably also heard of private and public keys, or at least private and public address. You’ve also probably wondered about the concept behind them. This simple guide is all you need to understand the concept and secure your coins. 

Private and public keys are important components of blockchain – the technology behind cryptocurrencies. To understand cryptocurrencies better and stay safe while interacting with them, it’s essential to know the meaning of private and public keys and their role in cryptocurrency. 

Public and private keys are based on cryptography, which simply means the science and art of encrypting information so that third parties can’t understand it. In other words, cryptography enables data to be stored and communicated in a manner that unauthorized parties cannot understand. It’s employed today in private and public keys to make blockchain- and hence cryptocurrency, a safe environment for users. 

Cryptography is mostly famous for being used in wartime, especially by Julius Caesar, the Roman military general who sent encrypted messages to his generals to ensure the enemy couldn’t understand them. Known today as Caesar’s cipher, his cryptography involved shifting each letter of a word three times to the left of the alphabet. 

Today, encryption is all around us, even if we don’t realize it. From our phone apps to our phone screens to our credit cards – all these are encrypted to protect our personal information.  

Symmetric Key Cryptography and Asymmetric Key Cryptography  

Cryptography exists in two forms: asymmetric key cryptography and symmetric key cryptography. 

In symmetric cryptography, the same key is used to both encrypt and decrypt the message. A good example is Julius Caesar’s encrypted messages. The same key, i.e., using three letters to the left of the alphabet, can be used to decrypt or decode the message. Another example is today’s door lock, in which the same key is used to lock and unlock the door. 

The drawback to symmetric key cryptography is somebody can figure it out soon enough. Using the above examples, for instance, it’s easy for someone to steal a key to a door lock. And Julius Caesar’s opponents could figure out the cipher, eventually.

Asymmetric cryptography, on the other hand, is more complex. Two keys are used to decrypt information. In the case of blockchain, one key – the public key, is used to encrypt data and a second key – the private key, is used to decrypt it. 

Asymmetric cryptography adds an extra layer of security to a transaction by securing both the item transacted and the recipient’s ability to access it.  

Public Key Cryptography and Blockchain

The idea behind blockchain technology is to create a network where people can securely carry out transactions without the possibility for a third party or a central authority interfering. The security of the network, transactions, and parties involved is crucial to this process. In a traditional model, the third party, or the authority, usually provides the security – like the bank overseeing transactions, or protecting money in general.

But the blockchain model has no overseeing authority. So how will security be ensured? The answer is in public and private keys – which are based on cryptography. 

Public and private keys are digital assets that, when combined, form a digital signature, allowing the secure sharing and unlocking of information or data. 

What’s the Difference between Public and Private Key? 

Since the blockchain model uses cryptography to facilitate transactions, and public cryptography uses both public and private keys, every user on a blockchain network has a public and private key.

Now, the keys are usually randomly generated alphanumeric sequences that are unique to every user.   

A blockchain network, e.g., Bitcoin, usually generates a private key when a user creates a wallet. This key uses 256-bit encryption. This encryption makes use of really large numbers that unauthorized parties can’t guess or calculate. After the key is generated, it’s incredibly important that it’s kept private and secure. Nobody other than the owner is to see or have access to it. 

The private key confirms a person’s identity when carrying out a transaction on the blockchain. 

By contrast, the public key is exactly that – the key that an individual shares with the public, or in this case, the blockchain network. The public key is also generated by the blockchain network based on the private key. This means it’s only that private key in the world that can decrypt a message attached to that public key.

It helps to think of the public and private keys in real-world terms. Think of the public key as your bank account number – people who know it can send you money through it. The private key is like your pin code – it’s only known to you, and you use it to access the money in your bank account. 

How Public and Private Keys Work

An individual’s private and public keys combine to create a digital signature that proves their ownership of funds and allows them access to those funds. To carry out a transaction on the blockchain, a person must use both keys together. 

The following is an illustration of how public and private keys work. Person A wants to send, let’s say, Bitcoin to Person B. They can do this by obtaining Person B’s public key, and attaching the relevant information – in this case, the number of coins, to that public key, and then send it to Person B. 

As the information is attached to person B’s public key, and it’s only their private key than can decrypt the information on their public key, Person A is sure that it’s only Person B who can see that information on the blockchain network. So, Person A will use Person B’s key to encrypt the information, because only Person B’s private key can decipher it.

Person B receives the information from Person A, and using their private key, creates a digital signature which will unlock the information and access it. 

The role of a digital signature is central to this process. On the blockchain network, it serves these three purposes:

☑️ It proves that the owner of a private key has authorized a transaction

☑️ It proves that a transaction is undeniable – i.e., there’s no doubt that the owner and they alone authorized the transaction, and they cannot repudiate their involvement in it in future

☑️ It proves that the transaction has been authorized by that signature and has not been altered or modified by anyone after it was signed

How does Blockchain Use Cryptography? 

The blockchain model uses cryptography in these ways: 

Protects the identity of users – It enables every individual to keep their identity private, so they can securely transact on the network

Secures blocks –It allows people to execute transactions on the blockchain, which then adds blocks which no one can modify, sealing them permanently

Validate transactions – It enables individuals on the network to confirm transactions are indeed initiated by who they say they’ve been initiated by, and they can thus be added on the blockchain 

Conclusion 

It’s exciting to see how cryptography – the technology behind public and private keys, has evolved from being used during medieval wars to become the technology that enables people to transact on the futuristic blockchain world. And as blockchain technology continues to become accepted by other industries outside of finance, cryptography will continue to be central. It will be exciting to see how art and science will play a role in blockchain-based processes in the future. 

Categories
Cryptocurrencies

Everything You Need To Know About Crypto Currency Wallets

So you’ve bought your cryptocurrency, what’s next? Unlike fiat currency, cryptocurrency doesn’t have real-world institutions that keep and protect your money. And storing it on the crypto exchange may not

So you’ve bought your cryptocurrency, what’s next? Unlike fiat currency, cryptocurrency doesn’t have real-world institutions that keep and protect your money. And storing it on the crypto exchange may not

So you’ve bought your cryptocurrency, what’s next? Unlike fiat currency, cryptocurrency doesn’t have real-world institutions that keep and protect your money. And storing it on the crypto exchange may not be a good idea, especially with incidences of exchanges being hacked or turning out to be a scam. Thankfully, innovative people have come up with brilliant ideas to enable crypto users store their coins safely.

In this article, we’ll discuss what crypto wallets are, types of crypto wallets, and what you should consider before investing in one, and more.

What Is A Cryptocurrency Wallet?

A cryptocurrency wallet is a device, a physical medium, or a software program that stores private and public keys and allows users to transfer, receive, or spend their cryptocurrency. You don’t walk around holding your fiat money, do you? You store it in a bank or some type of wallet to protect it. That’s the same principle with crypto wallets. 

How Do Cryptocurrency wallets Work?

Many people don’t understand how cryptocurrency wallets work mainly because they try to associate them with traditional wallets. Unlike “real world” wallets, crypto wallets don’t store crypto ‘money.’ In fact, cryptocurrencies are not stored in any physical shape or form, so they can’t technically be stored in any single location. What exists is records of transactions stored in a public ledger or – the blockchain.

What crypto wallets store is the public and private keys- which are used to access your public cryptocurrency address and transaction signatures.

Both of these keys are just a combination of random numbers and letters. To better understand public and private keys, we can compare them to our bank account. The public key is like your bank account number – people who know it can send you money. But the private key is like your pin code or password – you’re the only one who knows it. The same logic applies to crypto wallets – people can send you cryptocurrencies, but you will need to use your passcode to access it.  

When someone sends you, let’s say, Bitcoin, they are essentially transferring ownership of the coins to your wallet’s address.

For you to access those coins and spend, store or transfer them to somebody else, your wallet’s private key should be compatible with the public address the coins are assigned to. If the two keys match, the balance in your wallet increases, while the sender’s decreases. There is no real exchange of the currency. The transaction exists in the form of “a transaction on the public ledger” and a change in the balance of both parties.

What are the Types of Cryptocurrency Wallets?

There are several types of crypto wallets that enable you to store and access your crypto coins. ‘Type’ here refers to the medium that the wallet is built on. This could be software, hardware, or paper. Software wallets can be on desktop, web, or mobile

☑️Desktop Wallets: These wallets are usually downloaded and installed on your computer. From then on, they are only accessible from that particular computer. By broad definition, desktop wallets provide more security than their online and mobile counterparts because they don’t rely on third parties for data. However, they are vulnerable to hackers or malware. But these wallets are a good solution for traders of small crypto amounts.

☑️Web Wallets: These wallets are cloud-based and store your private keys on a server. They can be accessed from any internet-enabled device from any location. They are controlled by a third party, too, which renders them susceptible to hacking and theft.  

Different web wallet providers provide different features, some of which can link to mobile and desktop features and sync your addresses across your devices.

☑️Mobile Wallets: These wallets run as an app on your phone. They are great solutions for active users who interact with their crypto coins often. They can be used to pay for goods at e-stores or physical stores by allowing you to scan a QR code.

Since any crypto user requires access to the blockchain network – which is large enough, mobile wallets use a simpler verification technology. This means they utilize small subsections of the blockchain by relying on certain trusted nodes to ensure they get the correct information.

While mobile wallets provide much more convenience, they are also more prone to hacking. And if someone gains entry to your phone, you could lose control of your funds.

☑️Hardware Wallet: these wallets store your private keys on a hardware device like a USB. Hardware wallets are by far the most secure of any wallet because they are immune from malware attacks, hacking, and funds cannot be transferred out of the device in plaintext. Some providers even offer hardware wallets with a screen that can verify and display important details, like a recovery phrase and details of the transaction you wish to make.

Depending on the provider, hardware wallets can be compatible with several web interfaces and support several currencies. You can easily make a transaction by simply plugging the device to an internet-enabled device, enter your passcode, and carrying out your transaction.

☑️Paper Wallet: These wallets are essentially printouts containing a public and private key. They are usually printed as QR codes, meaning you can quickly scan them and transfer them to a software wallet to carry out a transaction. This process is known as ‘sweeping’ and can also involve manually entering the keys on the device. A paper wallet can also be a piece of software that can generate the keys, which are then printed. 

Just like hardware wallets, paper wallets are immune to hacking and malware attacks. Still, you need to take certain precautions, like ensuring no one is watching you when you’re generating a paper wallet and using a printer that is not connected to the internet. Also, you need to keep your paper wallet in a dry and safe place to avoid exposure to water and wear and tear. You could even keep it in a sealed plastic bag or laminate it and store it in a safety deposit box.

How Secure Are Crypto Wallets?

The level of security of a wallet depends on its type and the service provider. Web-based wallets are more vulnerable since hackers could gain access and steal your coins. On the other hand, offline wallets are safer because they are not connected to the internet and don’t rely on a third party. 

The most important thing to remember is regardless of the wallet you’re using, whether online or offline based, your private key is what matters. You lose the private key, you lose your funds. Bear in mind that cryptocurrency transactions are irreversible, so utmost care is necessary. 

That said, here are some measures you can take to secure your online wallet: 

☑️Back up your wallet. This simply means don’t store everything online. Store only small, daily-use amounts online. Store the rest away in a highly secure environment, like a paper or hardware wallet. Offline storage will ensure your currency is safe in case of computer failure or virus attacks. 

☑️Update software. Hackers are usually smart people, and they keep devising new ways to infiltrate security software. So what do you do? You keep up with them. Ensure your software has the latest security enforcements. This applies to both your wallet software and computer, or mobile software. 

☑️Add layers of security. When it comes to online wallets, the more the security layers, the safer they are. This can mean setting long and complicated passwords. Use wallets that enable multi-factor authentication or other extra pin code requirements. You could also choose wallets that offer multi-signature transactions – meaning another user or users must approve before any transaction takes place. 

Can You Store All Your Cryptocurrencies In A Single Wallet? 

Some wallet providers design wallets dedicated to the storage of only type of cryptocurrency. For instance, Armory and Copay are designed to store only Bitcoin. But other providers allow you to keep a variety of cryptocurrencies. Instead of purchasing a wallet that only supports one currency, you may find it more convenient to purchase or signup one that allows you to store, access, and spend your coins from the same location.

Are Crypto Wallets Anonymous? 

Just like how your identity on a cryptocurrency blockchain is pseudonymous, i.e., recognizable by your public address, so are crypto-wallets. Your actual identity will not be there, but your wallet address could be traced back to you.

In addition, to prevent illegal use of cryptos, most exchanges will require your full identity – which means they know your identity is linked to your wallet transactions. 

Which Is The Best Cryptocurrency Wallet?

New crypto wallets are always being introduced. Your decision to pick a specific crypto wallet depends on how you intend to use it. Ask yourself these questions:

Do you need your cryptos for everyday use or for holding as an investment?

Do you need to access your wallet from anywhere or just at home?

Do you plan to use and/or trade several currencies or just one?

What is the security track record of your considered wallet?

What is the reputation of the manufacturer?  

With that, here are some of the tried and tested crypto wallets in the market: Atomic Wallet, Ledger Nano, Trezor, Armory, Mycelium, Bread Wallet, Copay, Electrum, Exodus, and Jaxx. 

Conclusion 

By now, you should have a pretty good idea of what a wallet is, how it works, and probably identified your preferred wallet choice. Remember, the type of wallet you choose should respond to your needs – be it ease of transfer or security from hacking attacks.